Omid Habibinia
In the last five years, social networking has not only introduced a new use of the internet, but has also changed our life style.
The first social networks were only used as means of amusement and pleasure, but today, the political and social lives of many users have been influenced by them as well.
The three web sites of Facebook , good for exchange of information, groups, and friend finding, Youtube, best for sharing videos, and Twitter, capable of spreading news very fast, were most useful for those professional users of internet.
The use of these three web sites in the American presidential elections, which became known as “net campaigns”, made clear just how effective these sites are for attracting the public.
Most social networking sites, with the exception of sites like “Club”, have always been filtered in Iran. But it seems this was less due to religious and ethical worries than to the fear that those sites might be used as a new kind of media.
When Facebook, a symbol of a new generation of social networking, became famous amongst Iranians, it was quickly filtered in Iran, and it was filtered up to last February. Then, surprisingly, both Facebook and Youtube became accessible again!
Conspiracy delusion or intelligence machinations?
When Facebook was finally available in Iran, hundreds of thousands of users registered in the first month. This sudden and unexpected passion for Facebook caught the attention of the web site’s management as well. Some reports say that after four and a half months that Facebook was accessible in Iran, the number of registered Iranians increased by 7000% !! And statistics say that today more than six hundred thousand people within Iran are a member of this site.
Even though Facebook never publishes membership numbers according to country, two indicators show that during the spring of 2009, this site became the most popular among Iranians. One is the report of international interactions in Facebook, which compared to the previous year’s season shows incredible increase of Facebook users in Iran. This compelled the Facebook management to make Facebook available in Persian, and by the beginning of the protests in June, Persian Facebook was already up and running.
The second indicator was statistics from sites such as Aleksa, which showed unprecedented increase in the population of Iranian users. And in the last few days before the elections, Facebook was the third popular site in Iran, after Yahoo and Google.
But what made those in charge of censorship on Iran, used to filtering every blog containing even the slightest anti-regime content, decide to make Facebook and Youtube available?
There were signs showing that the regime’s intelligence agents were monitoring and tracing opposition forces and journalists, and at the time some believed that Facebook was a great way to control secret and open movements. Others thought the government wanted to use Facebook and Youtube for election campaigning, as it had been used in USA, providing them with a reference base of 25 million users. However not only did we not see official Islamic Republic agents using Facebook and Youtube for advertising, but there also isn't a single fan page for Ahmadinejad in Facebook - where you find pages for all imaginable subjects!
A third opinion, which was brought up later, was the possible part of Hossein Derakhshan and Payam Fazlinejad, theoreticians of the Revolutionary Guards and the Intelligence Ministery’s mental warfare, in directing an “election show”.
Therefore Facebook, Youtube, and some other politically active sites were crossed off the must-be-filtered list of the country, then reformists were permited to use the new media freely, and in the end the televised debates helped to heat up the “elections”.
In the history of television in Iran, there had never been this many viewers for a program and although most people also had access to alternative media, 90% of the population were watching presidential live debates on television. This means that almost everybody watched the debates.
This previously unimaginable campaign of the reformists in both the real and the cyber world resulted in a decrease in number of long-time election boycotters. In the last few days before the election, many of them were caught in the “wave of propaganda” of the middle classes and went to the ballot on Election Day.
However the curtain of the show went down on June 12th at midnight, when surprisingly Ahmadinejad was announced the winner.
So the highest participation rate in elections since the beginning of the Islamic Republic and the referendum went down in history as a success for Ahmadinejad, the winner with 63% of the votes.
Therefore, according to those who believe in a conspiracy planned beforehand, it becomes obvious why Facebook, Youtube, Twitter, and many other politically active sites were up made available until the “ election show”.
In the morning of the election day, the TV channels Persian BBC network and Voice of America were no longer available, the Green Wave’s internet television center was raided, all information sites and social networks were blocked, and then journalists were arrested, newspapers were controlled or even blocked – in short, a kind of military coup.
Facebook and Twitter, which had been made available to the public by the government itself, were called dangerous and conspiratorial; in his indictment against the protesters (or, as Iranian state media call them: “hooligans”), the Islamic Republic’s public prosecutor also identified them as tools in the intrigues and conspiracies of western countries and their intelligence agencies.
In this indictment, which was written based on past and present speculations of Hossein Derakhshan, the velvet coup d’état (the prosecutor prefers to use “coup d’état” instead of “revolution”) is said to have three branches: intellectual, executive, and media.
In the indictment, Twitter is accused of having delayed its maintenance, which required that the site be down for a few days, in order to help and support the “trouble makers”. Facebook is accused of “facilitating the interactions of Iranians with other countries during the commotions, so the enemies had better access”.
The third accused company is Google, who has put up “English to Persian and Persian to English translating software” to help “the hooligans”.
So those modern media, which tried to spread the voice of the people after all other media were banned from doing so, are now incriminated by the system.
Alternative sub-media killed the beast!
While in a court in Tehran people are facing trial for having sent an email, given an interview, or posted something on Facebook, blogs or Twitter, an independent media was created which had all the characteristics of a modern alternative media: Dynamics, independence, individuality, diversity, cooperation and self-encouragement.
During this two-month movement, these minor media were the only source of true information for the major ones. They were used for transmitting information and news from the streets; footage shot on people’s cell phone cameras were the only evidence of the ongoing protests, Twitter became the number one resource of spreading news, and blogs and facebook were used for disseminating information that was less accessible.
This means that due to extreme censorship, the normal flow of information was reversed, and now the major media had to use productions of normal citizens as news.
The effect of this new phenomenon was that many people, whether consciously or not, became “reporters”, and the flow of information found a new course, based on small independent sources which are at the same time dynamic and wide spread.
So the social networks had a strong impact against censorship, and at the same time created an atmosphere of cooperation, solidarity and mutual encouragement.
Today, whether these protests are silenced or not, our economical and political life would not be the same without Facebook, Youtube, and Twitter.
• Establishment of networks of likeminded people
• Public and personal news publishing
• Self-boosting and wave-creating
• Effect on everyday lifestyle
• Effective as a new model of public education
• Facilitating cooperation between people of different backgrounds
• Reflecting the cyber life
• Reflecting and unifying the public view
• Mental hygiene, and finding new connections
But it is obvious that the political applications of these networks are most important for those in charge of organizing the protests and spreading information, and, by the same token, also for security and judicial organs of the Islamic Republic. Although they can block television, radio and sites, images, news, rumors and information will find their way into social networks, and from there will be spread worldwide. Thus images like those of Neda Agha Soltan dying in front of the camera will remain recorded in history and in the mind of the people, becoming a symbol of protests against dictatorship in Iran.
Photos by: Raha Asgari Zadeh
Note:
Footnote: Youtube cannot strictly be considered a social network, but its model of membership and exchange as well as the possibility to share links make it similar to a social network.
Comments
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Whitehouse spies on FaceBook
03.09.2009 16:52
Obama White House Has Secret Plan To Harvest Personal Data From Social Networking Websites
NLPC has uncovered a plan by the White House New Media operation to hire a technology vendor to conduct a massive, secret effort to harvest personal information on millions of Americans from social networking websites. The information to be captured includes comments, tag lines, emails, audio, and video. The targeted sites include Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, YouTube, Flickr and others – any space where the White House “maintains a presence.”
Danny
Homepage: http://nlpc.org/stories/2009/08/31/obama-white-house-has-secret-plan-harvest-personal-data-social-networking-website
yes and so?
03.09.2009 19:49
no really?
cant see the CIA getting delta force out because of a picture of someone at Glasto .
I smell scaremongering
Anon
You don't have to do anything with it ALL
03.09.2009 21:29
2%Human
A grim harvest...
03.09.2009 23:42
There is a whole 'hidden' parasitic sub-industry of companies that buy up chunks of harvested data from social networking sites and repackage it as 'profiles' for so-called targeted marketing - all without asking anyone if it's OK if their personal details are used in this way.
In short, if the government isn't shafting you via Facile Book, then there's plenty of other people who already are.
So, my advice to anyone who uses social networking sites - keep it impersonal. Heck, use 'Fred Bloggs' and 'Nowheresville' if you have to fill out any boxes - and if you need to pass on personal details to anyone, get an email address from your recipient and do it well away from these sites.
Finally, regularly your look at your account settings and uncheck ALL the boxes which are marketing companies.
Antisocial Networker.
Interference via Twitter, Dreyfuss and NED
04.09.2009 08:29
Interference via Twitter, Dreyfuss and NED
by Ardeshir Ommani, CASMII, 18 August 2009
In its desire to build citizen to citizen contacts as a prelude to promote
official dialogues and ultimately establish a normal diplomatic and
commercial relation with the U.S., the Iranian government threw its doors
open on U.S. individuals and groups who appeared wanting to allay the
differences between the two countries. Although the majority of the peace
groups and activists who visited Iran were well-intentioned, there were
quite a few who were motivated by the idea of supporting certain political
trends against the Iranian government. These individuals and groups were
more interested in furthering the U.S. foreign policy objectives in Iran
and the Middle East by empowering the pro-U.S. non-governmental
organizations (NGO’s), than promoting genuine peace and friendship
between the two nations.
Among others, one such individual has been Robert Dreyfuss of the Nation
magazine, a social democratic publication that gained its place and
reputation in the ‘60’s, during the U.S. war on Vietnam, by opposing
the war on the one hand, but being acutely anti-Soviet Union on the other.
In the report of his recent trip to Iran, right before the June 12th
election, Dreyfuss manifests his utmost revulsion towards masses of people
who expressed their support for President Ahmadinejad and felt sympathy
towards the supporters of the pro-western leading contender Mir Hossein
Mousavi and his supporters.
In the June 9th, 2009 issue of the Nation, Dreyfuss reporting from Tehran,
characterized a pre-election rally of “tens of thousands of Ahmadinejad
supporters,” wearing red-armbands, in contrast to Mousavi’s green
emblem, as “a virtual fascist movement”. To fully satisfy his thirst
for revulsion towards Ahmadinejad, he goes on to call the president’s
50,000 young followers in a gathering as “a lumpen-proletariat crowd of
roughnecks and fascists.” These repugnant words have dripped from the
pen of a reporter who has laid claim to the mantle of “peace
activist”, a human rights defender and a friend of the American Iranian
people. As they say, with friends like that, who needs enemies.
The social and class instinct of Nation’s Robert Dreyfuss surfaces so
clearly when he attends a pro-Mousavi rally. Instead of hearing “Down
with the U.S.”, a usual outcry in pro-Ahmadinejad rallies, he hears the
call for “Death to Potatoes”, alluding to the President’s initiative
of giving out sacks of potatoes and flour to the poor and working class
families who appreciate the government’s welfare program. In his
report, Dreyfuss shows so much feelings of affinity towards Mousavi
supporters where women wore “attractive make up and pink lipstick, and
below their short outer garments” were “visible jeans and, in many
cases, high heels.” (sic)
Our American investigative reporter fell so much in love with Mousavi
supporters that he began predicting the outcome in favor of Mousavi and
the demise of Ahmadinejad, well before the election had begun, without a
hesitation in his fantasy world, he begins building an inflated and
imaginary picture in which the rich, thoroughly groomed, pro-western and
stylish, just like the guests in the U.S. Republican National Committee
(RNC) and the Democratic National Committee (DNC) are bound to win the
elections. He even misled his readers in New York by inventing facts
about “rumors that the leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, is having second
thoughts about the President, too.” He gets so much carried away by his
own imagination that he writes “One well-connected mullah, Sheikh Ahmad
Karimi, who is working in the Mousavi camp, told me (him) that the vast
majority of Iran’s approximately thirty or so Grand Ayatollahs support
Mousavi.”
Such rumors were not in short supply. Among the false information spread
via wrongful reporting, doctored pictures and twitter images then
forwarded by bloggers are as follow: that three million protested in
Tehran last week-end (more like a couple of hundred thousand); that the
opposition candidate Mir Hossein Mousavi was under house arrest (perhaps
he had stayed home where things were ‘safer’); that the president of
the election monitoring committee declared the election invalid last
Saturday (total fabrication).
At the conclusion of this section, we must emphasize that Robert Dreyfuss,
as bad as he is, has not been the worst reporter that the U.S.
military-media complex has dished out to the people of Iran.
Media Intelligence Complex
As we all know the communication industry works closely with the security
and military outfits, particularly in the periods of international tensions
and war. It is common knowledge that the U.S. media in Iraq and
Afghanistan are integrated with the intelligence apparatus and war
machine. It is not hard to make the logical deduction that in turn the
U.S. media serves as the eyes and ears of the agencies whose job is the
collection of vital information.
Recent coordination between the Department of State and the Twitter
Corporation during the electoral unrest in Iran was a solid proof of the
close cooperation between media, the electronic industry (internet, etc.)
and the State Department. This principle has a general application in
other areas of activity such as student exchanges, international
conferences and educational seminars in both business and government
bodies, human rights activities, and monitoring other countries elections
and foreign student training. Just like in the case of other
nationalities - Polish, Ukrainian, Asian and Iraqis - who emigrated to the
U.S. and later on were trained by U.S. intelligence agencies to influence
the policies of their “homeland”, so too, some Iranians who long ago
emigrated to the U.S. are cooperating with the U.S. government against
Iran’s national interests. Given all these interrelations, the U.S.
role in the post-election turbulence would have been impossible without
long-term preparations that required financing, equipping and training.
Funds in Abundance
On July 24, Yahoo News reported that the U.S. Senate has approved $30
million dollars for expanding Radio Free Europe-backed Farsi language
radio broadcasts into Iran. In addition, another 20 million dollars bill
was passed which would be in a special fund to help develop ways for
Iranians to access and pass information to others outside of Iran,
by-passing internal Iranian management. The champions of these bills were
Republican Senators John McCain, Lindsey Graham and the Zionist-est of them
all, Senator Joseph Lieberman. It is an eye-opener to know that the $50
million allotment was attached to the Senate’s defense authorization
bill, according to Washington Times of July 26, 2009.
The Bush Administration unveiled in 2006 a $30 million “democracy”
program for Iran. Later on it added another $60 million to be channelled
into the accounts of Iranians who would be ready to set up “civil
society” groups - actually intelligence and operational networks. In
the days following the recent Iranian elections, the National Endowment
for Democracy would be looking for more individuals in critical places
inside Iran who would be ready and capable to undermine the Islamic
Republic and force it to give in to the Israeli-U.S.- pressure demands
around the nuclear program. Andrew Lewman, the executive director of the
TOR project, a program originally developed by the U.S. Navy said,
“There is a growing amount of money available for Web and media
activities.” “Designed a decade ago to secure Internet communications
between U.S. ships at sea, The Onion Router, or TOR, has become one of the
most important proxies in Iran for gaining access to Web sites such as
Twitter, YouTube and Facebook.” David Denehy, the Iran democracy
program coordinator for the State Department from 2005 to 2007, said, "We
funded and supported innovative technologies to allow them to do this via
the Internet, cell phones and other media."
NED – NIAC in Cahoots
One organization, out of a few dozen, through which the U.S. interferes in
the internal affairs of Iran is the National Endowment for Democracy (NED),
an agency that is funded both by Congress and private sources whose
objectives are furthering the U.S. foreign policy interests in other
countries. In Iran this goal actualizes in overthrowing the Islamic
Republic that was the product of the 1979 Revolution. In the 1980’s,
President Ronald Reagan was the architect of the NED, and the primary
reason for its creation was to do overtly, the operations that the CIA had
long done covertly. This quasi- intelligence organization in the late
1970’s was involved in Nicaragua, in 1990 in the Bulgarian election, in
1991 in the Albanian election, in the years between 1990-92, NED financed
the Cuban-American National Foundation, in 1992 in the Mongolian election,
during the Clinton Administration NED was active in Haiti and in 2002
nearly succeeded in overthrowing President Hugo Chavez in Venezuela.
The NED has been active in the Iranian communities for nearly three
decades, granting hundreds of thousands of dollars to the opposition
groups. According to the June 23, 2007 article in the on-line Foreign
Policy Journal, “NED gave $345,000 to the Abdorrahman Boroumand
Foundation (ABF)”. Another organization that has benefited from the NED
funding has been the National Iranian American Council (NIAC), which
fetched $25,000 in 2002, $64,000 in 2005, and $107,000 in 2006. The
grants were designed to expand the NGO’s outreach and capacity in Iran,
and foster communication between the opposition groups in Iran and the
international organizations operating under the cover of civic
societies. The president of NIAC is Dr. Trita Parsi who in his
frequent appearances on CNN in the aftermath of the Iranian election
claimed that Iran would be considered at fault, if under the Obama
Administration it does not reach an agreement with the U.S. Obviously
for receiving a total of $196,000 in the period between 2002-2006, this is
the least Trita Parsi could do for NED.
By being exposed as one of the biggest recipients of NED’s funds, NIAC,
in the eyes of patriotic Iranians, is a U.S. foreign policy instrument
used as a battering ram against the Islamic Republic’s policy
objectives.
To spoon feed Iranians the position of the conservative faction of the
U.S. government, NIAC engineered a survey of its own members and then
declared the results as the representative view of the Iranian -American
community as a whole. The poll is severely skewed in several respects:
a. It is too small to be a representative opinion of the Iranians in
general; and b. This small poll is taken primarily from the
wealthy Iranians in NIAC.
According to the figures and policy adopted by NIAC in its August 12, 2009
announcement “61.4% believe that with regard to Iran, the U.S. government
should put diplomacy on hold…” and “a slight majority 50.2% favor
targeted political and economic sanctions…” Should we give the bosses
of NIAC all benefit of the doubt, these figures only show how conservative
the membership of NIAC is and to what extent they are the friends of the
Iranian people.
Ardeshir Ommani
Homepage: http://www.campaigniran.org/casmii/index.php?q=node/8453