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Interenationalization of the Basque conflict and the European Arrest Warrant

Joseba Agudo and Edurne Iriondo, lawyers. | 13.12.2007 17:25 | Repression | Terror War | World

In the early 90s, the Spanish government decided to internationalize the political conflict between the Spanish State and the Basque Country, in terms of repression.

Aided by an international context where, following the collapse of the Eastern Bloc, there was going to be a backlash regarding human rights throughout the world, the arrests of Basques began in various countries such as Mexico (1990), Uruguay (1992), Nicaragua (1993), etc. This internationalization of repression reached its high point during the second term in government of the conservative PP (2000-2004). At the time, the infamous “Agreement for Liberties and Against Terrorism” (a pact which has turned out to be a failure, as did all the previous agreements of this kind; i.e. aimed at the same unattainable objective: to terminate the struggle for independence in our country) stated that the international dimension was one of the basic pillars of the struggle against the independence movement.

It is interesting to see how during the last three years, when much progress has been made in terms of clarifying the key issues for conflict resolution, the PP has constantly protested against this progress, accusing the PSOE of furthering the aims of the Basque Left-wing Independence Movement by making certain moves in the international arena (the European Parliament resolution, among other examples). It is interesting because it was the PP itself who did the most to internationalize the conflict, both in Europe and in the American continent. They achieved this by pushing for all kinds of new repressive measures in the EU, demanding statements condemning armed actions by ETA at every international meeting and event, persecuting Basque exiles throughout the world by every means available, etc.

If there has been a political actor that has really helped to make the Basque struggle known around the world (which is also an aim of the Basque Independence Movement, with a view to raise support for a true and definitive conflict resolution process) it has undoubtedly been the Spanish Popular Party – with the support, as usual, of the PSOE.

Repression as an element of internationalization

It is clear that repression against Basques has been extended to many countries over recent years. It has also expanded to affect people who were often living lives with nothing to do with politics, because there was a 25 year-old charge against them, or simply because there was a need –there still is- for a photograph of repression bearing fruit outside the Spanish borders. Indeed, every time a Basque is extradited to Spain from another country, there is a photograph of that person being led off the plane by the police in every newspaper, just to prove that there is no safe haven for Basque exiles anywhere in the world.

Clearly, this repression has caused much damage to many Basque people and families. They have seen their lives being shattered by the cruel revenge of State repression against dissidence. Nevertheless, the force of this repression has often rebounded against the State. This was especially the case when Basque exiles imprisoned in countries around the world have won their cases and regained their freedom (4 cases in Mexico, the cases in Uruguay, Argentina, Belgium, Portugal and even in France), or when, in hard fought court cases, the alleged Spanish democracy has been shown in a true light (verdicts in which, despite granting extradition, the Spanish judicial system is severely criticized, in Germany, the Netherlands…).

This is why, over recent years, Bilateral Extradition Agreements have been established with most countries in America, and why, even within the European Union, they have managed to change the former extradition procedure to the European handover procedure, or European Arrest Warrant.

The European Arrest Warrant

As has been insistently pointed out, the European Arrest Warrant puts extreme limits to a detainee’s right to a defence. Despite the fact that it has been possible to slow down the process of handing over Basques to the Spanish State from Belgium and France, the truth is that the European Arrest Warrant has brought a fundamental change to international arrests by placing the responsibility (the obligation, almost) to hand over the detainee on the country where the arrest takes place, due to a mistaken concept of cooperation or reciprocity between states.

In any case, if the defence counsel’s right to use all the legal instruments in its power is upheld at these European Arrest Warrant trials, repression can become a boomerang against the Spanish State. We have recently seen an instance of this at Westminster Magistrate’s Court, where, throughout the sessions, rather than analysing the defendants’ actions, the lack of democracy in the Spanish State and in its appalling judiciary has been brought to light. At the end of the day, even if the initial decision was to hand over the detainees, the verdict is a good example of the juggling efforts foreign courts have to carry out in order to grant the warrant.

Unfortunately, there are many cases when the Spanish courts invent, lie about or reinterpret actions by Basque citizens, all in order to fit their activities within what they define as terrorism (which, incidentally, is defined one way today and tomorrow may turn out to have a broader definition –see the verdict against he Basque youth organization SEGI, etc.). In the case of the Sheffield Three, the European Arrest Warrant is simply a scandal, and the lack of legal bases so obvious that the prosecutor in charge of defending the interests of the State has had no other option but to resort to the argument that there should be a measure of trust towards the human rights situation in another EU country.

Every time a Basque is arrested outside our country (apart from the arrests that take place in the two occupying countries –France and Spain) this becomes a source of internationalization of the conflict. The lack of democracy in the Spanish State, its ludicrous legal and judicial system, all come into the picture. The cases become a mirror in which the monster of repression is seen by Europe and the world in its true shape. Furthermore, the fundamental issue of the denial of our People’s democratic right to discuss and decide is clearly seen, as well as the use of brute force to deny the Basque Country its freedom.

This antidemocratic Spanish system can no longer fool anyone, and the entire battery of repression deployed on the international level (whatever the new-fangled instruments they decorate it with) is more often than not a boomerang that turns back against the monster.

Joseba Agudo and Edurne Iriondo, lawyers.
- e-mail: info@behatokia.info
- Homepage: http://www.behatokia.info

Comments

Hide the following 5 comments

freedom

17.12.2007 11:01

Stop the repression to the Basque Country.
Spanish state is antidemocratic because a part of the repression to the basque country is Political.

Freedom for the Basque Country,now!!!

jose
- Homepage: http://muralespoliticos.blogspot.com


freedom from oppression, not freedom to oppress differently

17.12.2007 21:16

The Spanish and French states routinely oppress people, Basques included, for profit. The Basque nationalist parties want independence for the Basque country, which for them means the right for THEM to oppress people (Basque or non-Basque) for profit. Freedom from oppression has nothing to do with it; they just want more freedom of action as oppressors.

The Basque nationalists want a referendum on independence, but they want it to include Alava and Navarra where there's clearly no majority in favour of independence - yet if a majority overall vote for independence, they will demand that Alava and Navarra join the new independent nation.

Why not have a REAL referendum where each province can decide independently if it wants to be part of France, Spain, or a new Basque nation? Hell, why not let each municipality - or each street - decide? That way people could at least choose their oppressors freely. You'll never hear a politician (Basque or otherwise) suggest this, because if people were allowed to choose their oppressors, they might decide to choose not to have oppressors at all, and then what would happen?

If everyone who voted for the radical nationalists in the last election were to flatly refuse to cooperate with the Spanish state (and the Basque autonomous community within that state) - mass, non-violent civil disobedience - independence would be achieved in a matter of weeks. But the nationalist politicians will never try this route - because once you teach people to disobey authority, you can be sure they'll turn round and do the same to you.

ETA is not only not going to achieve independence, it's giving the Spanish and French states a wonderful excuse to stay in the Basque country. If anyone calls for "freedom for the Basque country" without condemning the actions of ETA as well as those of the French and Spanish states, all they are is just another would-be oppressor.

emigre


Freedom is only freedom

17.12.2007 23:33

the freedom has only one name.
Spain denies a referendum of self-determination and that is the problem.
Self -determination for the basque country is the way to freedom and peace.

(sorry but my english is poor)

..
- Homepage: http://muralespoliticos.blogspot.com


jose

18.12.2007 09:26

Freedom is not "just" freedom. Your freedom to move your fist ends where my nose begins. Nobody should be given the "freedom" to take someone else's freedom away.

Do you think God handed down the map of the Seven Provinces to Sabino Arana on a stone tablet? The "Basque Country" is just a set of invented borders created by historical actions - just like the borders of "France" and "Spain", and every other nation. Do you want to change the borders of France and Spain, but insist on maintaining the borders of the Basque Country (which is what you seem to mean by a "referendum on self-determination")?

emigre


You are a Spanish unionist.

18.12.2007 18:40

The seven territories of Euskal Herria are not an invention of Sabino Arana,Sabino only recognized Bizkaia,your information are very wront.

In the frontier of Spain ,the name is : PAIS VASCO,in the frontier of France the name are PAYS BASQUE,why?
Because the Basque country exist,the seven provinces exist,Nafarroa is Euskal Herria,the idiom are euskara,the tradition is the same.

You are a spanish unionist,the same of the unionist in the Ulster,you never recognized Euskal Herria,but Euskal Herria exist,and his future are a referendum of self-determination .

Your text are a Spanish unionist text.
The basque country on this day is not Sabino Arana,but the spanish people only write to Sabino(dead) to ETA,to violence,but never write to the freedom of the basque country,never write to the basque culture,to the basque idiom,to the basque traditions...

Spanish unionist remember than one nation never live in peace than the opression are the state politics...Euskal Herria never walk alone!!!

jose
- Homepage: http://muralespoliticos.blogspot.com


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