On May 24, 2007, we sent out a Media Alert titled ‘Pentagon Propaganda Occupies Guardian’s Front Page’.
The recently appointed readers’ editor of the Guardian, Siobhan Butterworth, has now responded to public criticism of the cover story in question. (Butterworth, 'Open Door. The readers' editor on... questions of credibility raised by a report on Iraq,' The Guardian, June 4, 2007; www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/story/0,,2094694,00.html)
The readers’ editor is ostensibly an ‘independent’ adjudicator, although employed by the Scott Trust, the owners of the Guardian.
Butterworth summarised Tisdall‘s article:
“It quoted US officials extensively and (except for the final paragraph) without contradiction. It relied primarily on a single anonymous source, ‘a senior US official’ who claimed Iran is making strategic alliances with al-Qaida and Sunni Arab militias in Iraq in order to influence US politics and trigger a military withdrawal from Iraq.”
In the wake of its disastrous pre-war reporting on Iraq, the New York Times published a remarkable apology:
“Editors at several levels who should have been challenging reporters and pressing for more skepticism were perhaps too intent on rushing scoops into the paper. Accounts of Iraqi defectors were not always weighed against their strong desire to have Saddam Hussein ousted. Articles based on dire claims about Iraq tended to get prominent display, while follow-up articles that called the original ones into question were sometimes buried. In some cases, there was no follow-up at all.” (From The Editors, ‘The Times and Iraq,’ New York Times, May 26, 2004)
In response, the newspaper implemented new rules governing its use of unnamed sources:
“When we use such sources, we accept an obligation not only to convince a reader of their reliability but also to convey what we can learn of their motivation - as much as we can supply to let a reader know whether the sources have a clear point of view on the issue under discussion.”
The rules go on to advise:
“In any situation when we cite anonymous sources, at least some readers may suspect that the newspaper is being used to convey tainted information or special pleading. If the impetus for anonymity has originated with the source, further reporting is essential to satisfy the reporter and the reader that the paper has sought the whole story. (Confidential News Sources, New York Times, February 25, 2004; www.nytco.com/ company-properties-times-sources.html)
The Guardian - which did not apologise for its equally disastrous pre-war reporting - claims to observe similar rules. Its February 2003 ‘Editorial Code’ actually leads with a discussion of “Anonymous quotations”. The code states:
“The New York Times policy on pejorative quotes is worth bearing in mind: ‘The vivid language of direct quotation confers an unfair advantage on a speaker or writer who hides behind the newspaper, and turns of phrase are valueless to a reader who cannot assess the source.’” (http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-files/ Guardian/documents/2005/02/25/code2005.pdf)
And yet Tisdall appeared to feel no obligation to convince readers of the reliability of his sources, as the New York Times recommends - not a shred of evidence was supplied in support of their claims. Likewise, there was no sense that Tisdall had “sought the whole story”; the version supplied by the anonymous US official was deemed sufficient - again.
Butterworth continued:
“Large numbers of people read the May 22 story, the paper's print circulation exceeds 360,000 and the online version has more than 420,000 page impressions. Approximately 180 readers contacted the Guardian to complain about it.”
It was apparently important to establish the impression that only a tiny handful of complaints, in proportion to the number of readers, had been received. But in fact this was a massive public backlash (one that began before we published our Media Alert) - hence the rapid response from the readers’ editor. We have heard from a senior staffer on the Guardian that the paper received an "avalanche" of complaints.
Butterworth then explained that she had: “talked to the duty editor and author of the story. It is difficult to get accurate information about Iraq and they saw the article as another piece of the jigsaw puzzle. At the very least it showed what US officials were thinking”.
As ever, there is no recognition that the Guardian gave prominent coverage to what US officials +claimed+ they were thinking: a crucial difference. As for the “jigsaw puzzle” - there are of course vast gaps in areas of the picture that threaten to embarrass powerful interests.
A reader made the point in responding to Butterworth:
"You claim that Tisdall's front page banner story was merely, 'another piece of the puzzle' of what is going on in Iraq. And that, the reporting was part of the 'ongoing' coverage, 'part of a continuum.' The only truth in those observations is that so much of what the Guardian publishes is already pro-British and US war propaganda. The difference in this case is no attempt was made to disguise it. A news story [consisting of] 99% propaganda was elevated to the status of front page lead. This criticism, you address as 'a problem' of 'presentation', rather than of substance. It's nothing short of a cover up." (www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/ story/0,,2094694,00.html)
And as Noam Chomsky asked in response:
“Would they run a similar story about US plans to attack Iran, based on quotes from unidentified Iranian officials, presented as taken at face value?” (Email to Media Lens, June 4, 2007)
Butterworth continued, essentially repeating the bland Guardian response sent to the many readers who complained:
“The story was written by a respected and experienced journalist who has reported from Iran three times in the last year. The reliability and status of the primary source was also considered. He was highly placed, was not paid to talk to the press and had given accurate information before. One of the consequences of relying exclusively on anonymous sources is that the paper is, inevitably, asking readers to trust its judgment.”
Tisdall is indeed a “respected” journalist - an epithet troubling to anyone who understands how the media bestows and withholds approval. Tisdall also has form. In February 2006, he wrote:
"Groundbreaking elections in Afghanistan, Ukraine, Palestine and Iraq, extolled in President Bush's 'dawn of freedom' inaugural address, have encouraged western hopes that democratic values are gaining universal acceptance." (Tisdall, 'Bush's democratic bandwagon hits a roadblock in Harare,' The Guardian, February 16, 2005)
This is the type of commentary that is highly “respected”, and is standard in Tisdall‘s work.
Cause For Concern
In her fearless, independent appraisal, Butterworth ruled merely:
“The extensive use of direct quotes from the sources gave cause for concern.”
She then immediately provided a cop-out on behalf of the paper:
“But this was a news story and the journalists considered comment and analysis to be out of place.”
In fact comment and analysis have a strong habit of creeping into Guardian news reports, not least when rooted in reflexive - and, for journalists, invisible because simply ’understood’ - presumptions of Western benevolence. Thus Guardian reporter Sam Jones noted in a foreign news report on Iraqi elections in January 4, 2005:
"A low turnout might undermine the legitimacy of the first free elections attempted since the overthrow of the monarchy in 1958." (Jones, 'Car bomb in Iraq kills three Britons,' The Guardian, January 4, 2005)
It was apparently not “out of place” to observe that the elections were “free” and had “legitimacy” even though conducted in the aftermath of an illegal invasion and under the guns of a superpower occupation.
Butterworth added:
“The use of so many direct quotes, intended to distance the journalist from the information, seems to have backfired.”
In truth there was precious little information, just dubious claims.
The next issue addressed was “context”. We were told that:
“For those involved in publishing the story, context was key. They assumed that the story would be understood as a part of the Guardian's reporting of the war and that readers would be familiar with [what] had gone before... For the journalists the article was part of a continuum. They felt it would have been stating the obvious to say that US officials' statements could not be verified and that intelligent readers could decide for themselves what to believe.”
But as one reader correctly observes:
"That being the case, the article should never have been on the front page and should never have had the tone it had. The Guardian got busted for showing an appalling lack of judgement and contempt for its audience... The front page prominence wasn't just some additional factor - it was perhaps THE factor; it implied, no matter how you spin it, that the Guardian strongly endorsed the story. Which is the issue." (www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/ story/0,,2094694,00.html)
Butterworth continued:
“In a sense this was right - readers' comments stand as proof of that. But the fact that so many people were left feeling queasy about the story suggests that at some level this approach didn't work. Context should have been explained, rather than assumed.”
Articulate, rational, evidence-based reader criticism is reduced to a “queasy” feeling. Front page Guardian hyping of Pentagon propaganda simply suffered a lack of “context”.
Butterworth though was clear:
“The presentation of the article, its prominence and tone contributed to the problem. [...] The headline added to the confusion - were we simply reporting what US officials were saying, or telling readers that we believed them? The absence of quotation marks suggested that the Guardian took the statements at face value.”
In her closing statement, the readers’ editor asserted:
“At the bottom of this there is a journalistic quandary. Is the important thing that a story proves to be right in the long run, or should we speak plainly about what we don't know when we publish - even if it means stating the obvious and potentially weakening the impact of the story? Reader unrest about this story suggests both propositions are equally important.”
An In-House Media Lawyer
Spurious “journalistic quandary” or not, reader “unrest” is far from being assuaged – as subsequent public comments on her column make clear. Indeed, Butterworth’s own role has been called into question by many. A former staff journalist at the Guardian has written to us on Butterworth’s appointment:
“Siobhain was an in-house media lawyer - and a friendly, approachable one at that. I was quite shocked to learn of her recent appointment. Not that I believe the readers' editor needs to be a journalist, but it probably helps." (Email to Media Lens, June 6, 2007)
With her relative lack of journalistic background and experience, how easy will it be for Butterworth to stand up to the paper's senior editors?
In conclusion, what has the Guardian learned from the lies and deceits that helped launch the 2003 invasion of Iraq? As one commenter writes:
"What the original article conspicuously avoids, and what this miserable excuse for a justification also ignores, is that there is without any doubt a propaganda campaign from the United States regime to justify a military attack on Iran, an attack which the US has repeatedly threatened despite its overt criminality. In that context, a journalist who willingly fires the propaganda missiles of the aggressive US regime is worse than just servile, they will actually share some of the guilt of the crime if the aggression against Iran does eventuate." (www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/ story/0,,2094694,00.html)
All of the above public comments are articulate and serious observations that should concern Tisdall, Butterworth and the Guardian's editors. They have yet to be adequately addressed.
The day after publication of her column, Butterworth responded cursorily to some of the criticism levelled at her and the paper: (June 5, www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/story/0,,2094694,00.html) In essence, her approach was to repeat the same discredited points made in her column.
SUGGESTED ACTION
The goal of Media Lens is to promote rationality, compassion and respect for others. If you decide to write to journalists, we strongly urge you to maintain a polite, non-aggressive and non-abusive tone.
Write to Siobhain Butterworth, readers' editor of the Guardian
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reader@guardian.co.ukWrite to Simon Tisdall
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simon.tisdall@guardian.co.ukWrite to Alan Rusbridger, Guardian editor
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editor@medialens.orgThis media alert will shortly be archived here:
www.medialens.org/alerts/07/070606_pentagon_propaganda_on.phpThe Media Lens book 'Guardians of Power: The Myth Of The Liberal Media' by David Edwards and David Cromwell (Pluto Books, London) was published in 2006. John Pilger described it as "The most important book about journalism I can remember."
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Comments
Hide the following 14 comments
why is this an IMC feature?
28.05.2007 16:23
I'm not sure this article has a place on the IMC newswire let alone as a feature. I'm not interested in how M16, psy-ops, or whatever other conspiracy lizard is controlling the media. The media runs according to the market, meaning ruthless exploitation, lies and half-truths in an attempt to sell more papers. To think they have a moral compass much beyond their sales is a fallacy. Can we get on with doing something useful like dismantling the capitalist state and military industrial complex that keeps wars running rather than tired conspiracy theories that make us look like idiots.
@
Dear @,
28.05.2007 16:55
A@!
I agree. this feature has no place in indymedia
28.05.2007 22:05
another complaint
Why this should be a IM feature.
28.05.2007 22:09
"I'm not interested in how M16, psy-ops, or whatever other conspiracy lizard is controlling the media."
@ is claiming not to be interested in how the state influences media. By using the pseudonymn @ they are insinuating that they are an anarchist. It is an odd sort of anarchist who wouldn't be interested in how the state and corporate interests manipulate the mainstream media. Even odder for such a person to post their opinion on an Independent Media website. Not content with boasting of their own delight in being ignorant as to how they 'Manufacture Consent', they then include the smear that anyone who is interested in this most important and obvious PRopaganda must so crazy as to believe in lizard-men or any gullible notion.
"The media runs according to the market, meaning ruthless exploitation, lies and half-truths in an attempt to sell more papers. "
Next, in order to appear reasonable, @ puts every news-story as the fault of the market. This implies a belief in the mythical 'free-market' that corporate-capitlaism would have us believe exists, totally deviod of state-intervention. Hardly very anarchist.
"To think they have a moral compass much beyond their sales is a fallacy."
This sounds like ignorance, but it is contrived ignorance. Most of the mainstream media are certainly motivated by sales, that is true so it seems a reasonable statement. They are also motivated by advertising, perhaps to a greater extent. They are also motivated by access to government and security services sources and press-releases. They are also motivated by their stock-holders who are both influenced by government policy and 'honours' etc as well as by their own financial interests.
"Can we get on with doing something useful like dismantling the capitalist state and military industrial complex that keeps wars running rather than tired conspiracy theories that make us look like idiots."
A further claim to credibility that is totally at odds with @'s previous propaganda - 'See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil'. I bet @ can't point to an action that they were convicted of. I bet @ is precisely the security-services that they claim to condemn.
Danny
Comments that make us look like idiots
29.05.2007 00:31
Is this because the serious Imperial Disinformation has yet to start?
"Nor is there any substance to the article, it merely leads to other articles."
Most feature articles link to substantive content on the newswire, this is usual.
"Whilst these other articles point out the misinformation in the media they don't hype it quite as badly as 'imperialist disinformation'."
Misinformation is different from disinformation and in this case it's clearly disinformation designed to further an Imperial agenda.
See the Wikipedia for more on disinformation and misinformation:
Disinformation should not be confused with misinformation, which is not deliberate; i.e., the person or news source forwarding the information doesn't know it's not true and/or actually believes it; thus, disinformation can be relayed as misinformation if the one relaying the message is not aware that the originator of the message deliberately manufactured false information and offered it up for distribution. Whether the target of such an attack is to mislead the end user of the information or if the disinformation is meant to destroy the credibility of those gullible enough to relay it (usually news agencies) and not really caring what damage it does to the ultimate recipient must be judged on a per case basis.
"I'm not sure this article has a place on the IMC newswire let alone as a feature."
So if it was on the newswire the basis for it to be hidden would be what exactly?
"I'm not interested in how M16, psy-ops, or whatever other conspiracy lizard is controlling the media."
Because it doesn't matter? I don't believe you mean that, it clearly matters, and who is the one spreading disinformation now: the person raising nonsenses about lizards?
"The media runs according to the market, meaning ruthless exploitation, lies and half-truths in an attempt to sell more papers."
"Lies and half truths" somehow precludes disinformation?
"To think they have a moral compass much beyond their sales is a fallacy."
There is no moral compass for the Anglo-American Empire, this is clear, is appears to be run by psychopaths: if ordering the mass murder of a million in Iraq isn't psychopathic I don't know what is.
"Can we get on with doing something useful like dismantling the capitalist state and military industrial complex that keeps wars running rather than tired conspiracy theories that make us look like idiots."
Indymedia is a web site, it's a rebel outpost in cyberspace, the modus operandi is information warfare: on the one hand is the "full spectrum dominance" agenda of the Empires military industrial complex and on the other is the resistance to the Imperial Genocide and destruction of the planet, in this struggle Indymedia is *a* journal of the revolution and a part of the battleground.
If Danny is right then it is your comments that "that make us look like idiots", the us is this case being you, not us.
precog
What do we do about?
29.05.2007 11:16
Another possible thing to do would be to get the NUJ to complain about.
AND we should have a demostration in front of The Guardian, ASAP!
Ros
Ros
29.05.2007 11:56
No, British libel laws are designed to protect individuals through civil suits. In effect that means protecting rich individuals reputations only. There is no British law against publishing US war propaganda and the various international Courts wouldn't touch this with a barge-pole - they don't yet prosecute far more blatant crimes.
"Another possible thing to do would be to get the NUJ to complain about."
That is a good suggestion. Draft a standard letter and publish it here if you are serious about it. The NUJ, although TUC affiliated, are less blind to British policy that their members output would suggest. Most journalists know they are lying, and are quite honest about the reasons that they lie. Simon Tisdall should certainly be struck from their union if their union is to mean anything.
"AND we should have a demostration in front of The Guardian, ASAP!"
But nobody would report it unless we brought Molotovs. The Guardian has been Blairs mouthpiece for so long, cheerleading genocide while trying to disassociate it's self from blame that whoever still reads it is obviously a 'willing fool'. Stand outside and protest and you will be ridiculed or villified.
For a start, don't work for it, don't contribute, don't click on it's links, don't repost them except critically, certainly don't buy it or the Observer. If you are not non-violent, then beat the shit out of anyone who does do these things. If you are non-violent, do write to the NUJ, and visit the Medialens website which puts polite but direct questions to these war-propagandists.
Danny
Danny, it's lucky I'm non-violent
29.05.2007 13:05
Seriously, subscribe to medialens, and if you have more patience than me, follow their suggestions and write to some journalists. Better still, start your own local newsletter along the lines of schnews (see the link)
as the bard of Barking put it
"No one out there understands
Start your own revolution and cut out the middleman"
emigre
Homepage:
http://www.schnews.org.uk/diyguide/howtosetupalocalnewsletter.htm
Hiya Emigre,
29.05.2007 13:59
Hey, are you a regular Schnews reader as well as a 'Permaculture' magazine contributor ? I'm not but I met a new bunch of pretty smart young anarchists recently. One of them mentioned a Schnews article on a climbing device I invented last year, which freaked me a bit as I never posted it to Schnews.
I should've copyrighted it !
Another of the anarchists is a Spanish girl in her third year of horticulture at some Scottish Uni, and she had never heard of 'permaculture' ! So I tried to bluff it, and said, 'well it is sustainable agriculture, without pesticides, using what naturally occurs, what is naturally symbiotic...er, it is 'revolution disguised as gardening'. My own ignorance forced me to rely on slogans so I shut up, but I do hope you will explain it to her properly once you reach the shores of 'Gods country'.
Just to keep this on subject, wouldn't you agree that the Guardian has been at the forefront of promoting not just the Iraqi invasion, it now seems to be promoting neo-con plans to strike at Iran ?
all good things,
Danny
Iran in "regional imperialist" shocker!
30.05.2007 10:11
Iran is a horrible state, in the hands of beardy Islamist mentalists, misogynists, brutally anti-working-class nutjobs, and it has a very strong, quite transparent, regional imperialist agenda. It's funding Hizbollah, it's funding the Badr Brigades, it's in cahoots with Syria, and it's been engaged in very fierce competition with Saudi Arabia to decide the fate of Afghanistan basically since the revolution - cf. all the Iranian diplomats killed in Afghanistan by Saudi-backed forces. It's busily suppressing the massive womens', workers' and students' movement - which is calling for "no to war, no to the Islamic Regime".
So what difference does it make if the Guardian reports (probably entirely accurately) that Iran has got its dirty little fingers in the horrible pie of Iraq? What, does any coverage of Iran's imperialist agenda necessarily equate to cheerleading for an American invasion? No. Does any criticism of the state of Iran equate to demanding an immediate Western invasion? No. This is sloppy, knee-jerk reporting. Iran is bad! Saying so doesn't make you a US stooge!
And as for Danny's unbearably elitist post, asking @ if he's ever been arrested on an action (as being arrested on an action is *the* badge of authenticity for all anarchists and there is no excuse for not getting nicked, unless you're a spy), give me a break, Danny! @ just disagreed with you! Of all the things MI5 could spend its time doing, why would they waste man-hours trolling Indymedia? To sow confusion amongst anarchists? Pot dealers do that much more effectively, and we pay for the privilege!
lapsed anarcho
The Guardian: Probably Entirely Accurately
30.05.2007 10:48
22 of the 23 paragraphs in the story relayed official US claims: over 95 per cent of the story. The compilation below indicates the levels of balance and objectivity:
“US officials say”; “a senior US official in Baghdad warned”; “The official said”; “the official said”; “the official said”; “US officials now say”; “the senior official in Baghdad said” “he [the senior official in Baghdad] added”; “the official said”; “the official said”; “he [the official] indicated; “he [the official] cited”; “a senior administration official in Washington said”; “The administration official also claimed”; “he [the administration official] said”; “US officials say”; “the senior official in Baghdad said”; “he [the senior official in Baghdad] said”; “the senior administration official said”; “he [the senior administration official] said”; “the official claimed”; ”he [the official] said”; ”Gen Petraeus’s report to the White House and Congress”; “a former Bush administration official said”; ”A senior adviser to Gen Petraeus reported”; “the adviser admitted”.
No less than 26 references to official pronouncements formed the basis for a Guardian story presented with no scrutiny, no balance, no counter-evidence - nothing. Remove the verbiage described above and a Guardian front page news report becomes a straight Pentagon press release.
So, "lapsed anarcho" actually thinks that US Imperial propaganda is "probably entirely accurately", the conclusion one has to draw from this is that "lapsed anarcho" has totally forgotten the history of the post-WW2 US Empire: "United States most likely has been responsible since WWII for the deaths of between 20 and 30 million people in wars and conflicts scattered over the world."
precog
who will guard the Guardian?
30.05.2007 13:08
Maybe it isn't appropriate to repost Guardian articles on indymedia like this, but I think there is a need for a forum where the reports of the corporate media can be analysed and the truth can be dug up. A place where you can go to get the latest news (nicked from the corporate media among other sources) but also see it ripped to shreds by the people who really know what's going on. Needless to say, the pathetic "comment is free*" (*bollocks is it) pages on the Guardian website are a pale substitute for a real open forum. Perhaps someone would like to start something like this as an offshoot of indymedia. Shut down the guardian, not by force, instead by showing what utter tripe they write.
I think that it is a mistake to blame the Guardian specifically for the Iraq war and the other monstrosities of empire. The underlying problem, in my view, is that practically everyone who writes for the Guardian and practically everyone who is in power are products of a system of education which beats down compassion and promotes competition, turning children into needy, desperate adults who are constantly striving to "reach the top" at whatever cost because they are utterly insecure in themselves, not to mention incapable of performing the most basic tasks for self-preservation. They strive for power over others because they are unable otherwise to get what they need in life, e.g. by cooperating with others. To a certain extent nearly everyone in Western cultures suffers from this disease, but the longer you have spent among the "elite" (top universities, corporations, media and government) the worse you are likely to suffer from it. I speak from the point of view of someone who is "in recovery".
What all these people need is permanent removal from any position of power, and a long holiday, preferably somewhere where they can learn about permaculture...
Permaculture (
This interview with Bill Mollison, one of the founders of permaculture (
emigre
Homepage:
http://www.medialens.org
USuk in "global imperialist" shocker!
30.05.2007 13:15
@ said "Can we get on with doing something useful like dismantling the capitalist state and military industrial complex" which implies that they are an activist as surely as the @ implies that they are an anarchist. I simply called them on that.
"(as being arrested on an action is *the* badge of authenticity for all anarchists and there is no excuse for not getting nicked, unless you're a spy), give me a break, Danny! "
You think you can 'dismantle the capitalist state and military industrial complex' without getting an arrest-sheet ? How exactly - by petitioning Downing Street ?
"@ just disagreed with you!"
No, @ disagreed with the article and instead of questioning it on the lists where you are supposed to, tried to smear the author using phrases like 'conspiracy theory' and 'conspiracy lizard' for what is a very good article - MediaLens certainly agreed.
"Of all the things MI5 could spend its time doing, why would they waste man-hours trolling Indymedia?
To disrupt, to infiltrate, to monitor, to discourage, to propagandise. Especially in the lead up to an attack on a peaceful and unthreatening country, you may expect some vilification of that country throughtout the mainstream and activist press, such as "Iran is a horrible state, in the hands of beardy Islamist mentalists, misogynists, brutally anti-working-class nutjobs, and it has a very strong, quite transparent, regional imperialist agenda." Blair and Bush would applaud that PRopaganda. So let's ignore your drug-addled rants, let's examine the charge of Iran having a Imperialist agenda. Exactly which countries is Iran occupying ? How many nations have Iranian troops on their soil ? By any neutral interpretation of the facts, it would appear the US and the UK are the ones with the Imperialist agenda, and yet you fail to criticise them once, instead repeating the sort of clap-trap that the worst of the tabloid press uses. And when that bullshit starts getting spread around the 'liberal' mainstream press, and even worse on sites like here, it is an indicator we are being prepared for another war.
"To sow confusion amongst anarchists? Pot dealers do that much more effectively, and we pay for the privilege!"
You are speaking for yourself there. I don't smoke and I am not confused.
Danny
See Also
28.06.2007 12:12
Paul Ingram and Mehrnaz Shahabi
X