THE BIG AMERICAN LIE
strike-free.org | 26.12.2002 13:44
THE BIG AMERICAN LIE
Germany and the other non-permanent members of the UN Security Council received only a truncated version of the weapons dossier. Data concerning foreign suppliers of Iraq are missing.
Geneva: The 10 non-permanent members of the UN Security Council--to which Germany will belong starting in January--have been withheld substantial parts of the Iraqi arms report. All information about the supplies from--and the support of--foreign companies, research labs and governments from the mid-1970's on, related to Iraqi arms programs, have been deleted. The 5 permanent Council members, the USA, Russia, China, France and Great Britain, are aware of this censorship. According to the German Press Agency DPA, it has reduced the 12,00 page report to only 3000 pages.
From information gathered from UN diplomats of 2 of these 5 countries taz learned that the censorship was agreed on primarily upon the urging of the United States. Among the 5 constant members of the Security Council it was the USA that stood out by giving the strongest support to Saddam Hussain's regime by arming it with the means of mass destruction.
The report gives us a complete overview of these supplies for the first time. In particular it names the 24 US companies and when and to whom in Iraq the supplies were delivered. And it makes clear how strongly the Reagan and the first Bush administrations supported the arming of Iraq, from 1980 up to the Gulf conflict of 1990/91. Substantial construction units for the Iraqi nuclear weapon and rocket programs were supplied with permission of the government in Washington. The poison Anthrax for the arming of Iraq with biological weapons stemmed from US laboratories. Iraqi military and armament experts were trained in the US and there received know-how having to do with their domestic arms programs.
According to the estimation of Susan Wright, a US arms-control expert from the University of Michigan, publication of this information would be "especially embarassing for the USA." It would "remind people in the USA of a very dark chapter, which the Bush administration would prefer to forget about." Whether the US had already struck out this information before it made copies for the other 4 permanent Council members continues to be unclear.
Author: Andreas Zumach
Original in German at
http://www.taz.de/pt/2002/12/18/a0049.nf/text
Translator: Anu de Monterice
Legend used in this list:
A = nuclear program,
B = bioweapons program,
C = chemical weapons program,
R = rocket program,
K = conventional weapons, military logistics, supplies at the Iraqi Defense Ministry and the building of military plants.
US CORPORATIONS
1 Honeywell (R, K)
2 Spectra Physics (K)
3 Semetex (R)
4 TI Coating (A, K)
5 Unisys (A, K)
6 Sperry Corp. (R, K)
7 Tektronix (R, A)
8 Rockwell (K)
9 Leybold Vacuum Systems (A)
10 Finnigan-MAT-US (A)
11 Hewlett-Packard (A, R, K)
12 Dupont (A)
13 Eastman Kodak (R)
14 American Type Culture Collection (B)
15 Alcolac International (C)
16 Consarc (A)
17 Carl Zeiss - U.S (K)
18 Cerberus (LTD) (A)
19 Electronic Associates (R)
20 International Computer Systems (A, R, K)
21 Bechtel (K)
22 EZ Logic Data Systems, Inc. (R)
23 Canberra Industries Inc. (A)
24 Axel Electronics Inc. (A)
After the list of US firms are these remarks: "In addition to these 24 companies home-based in the USA are 50 subsidiaries of foreign enterprises which conducted their arms business with Iraq from within the US. Also designated as suppliers for Iraq's arms programs (A, B, C & R) are the US Ministries of Defense, Energy, Trade and Agriculture as well as the Lawrence Livermore, Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories." (Anu's translation)
CHINA
1 China Wanbao Engineering Company (A, C, K)
2 Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd (K)
3 China State Missile Company (R)
FRANCE
1 Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique (A)
2 Sciaky (A)
3 Thomson CSF (A, K)
4 Aerospatiale and Matra Espace (R)
5 Cerbag (A)
6 Protec SA (C)
7 Thales Group (A)
8 Societé Général pour les Techniques Nouvelles (A)
GREAT BRITAIN
1 Euromac Ltd-Uk (A)
2 C. Plath-Nuclear (A)
3 Endshire Export Marketing (A)
4 International Computer Systems (A, R, K)
5 MEED International (A, C)
6 Walter Somers Ltd. (R)
7 International Computer Limited (A, K)
8 Matrix Churchill Corp. (A)
9 Ali Ashour Daghir (A)
10 International Military Services (R) (im Besitz des brit. Verteidigungsministeriums)
11 Sheffield Forgemasters (R)
12 Technology Development Group (R)
13 International Signal and Control (R)
14 Terex Corporation (R)
15 Inwako (A)
16 TMG Engineering (K)
17 XYY Options, Inc (A)
USSR-RUSSIA
1 Soviet State Missile Co. (R)
2 Niikhism (R)
3 Mars Rotor (R)
4 Livinvest (R)
5 Russia Aviatin Trading House (K)
6 Amsar Trading (K)
More countries
JAPAN
1 Fanuc (A)
2 Hammamatsu Photonics KK (A)
3 NEC (A)
4 Osaka (A)
5 Waida (A)
NETHERLANDS
1 Melchemie B.V. (C)
2 KBS Holland B.V. (C)
3 Delft Instruments N.V. (K)
BELGIUM
1 Boehler Edelstahl (A),
2 NU Kraft Mercantile Corporation (C),
3 OIP Instrubel (K),
4 Phillips Petroleum (C)
5 Poudries Réunies Belge SA (R)
6 Sebatra (A),
7 Space Research Corp. (R)
SPAIN
1 Spanien: Donabat (R)
2 Treblam (C)
3 Zayer (A)
SWEDEN
1 ABB (A)
2 Saab-Scania (R)
U. S. corporate and government entities licensed by the U.S. Department of Commerce to supply weapons to Iraq
From: Iraq Watch
http://www.iraqwatch.org
U. S. Weapons Suppliers to Iraq
U.S. entities licensed by the U. S. Department of Commerce to export to Iraq
1. Alcolac International
1988 Exported over 300 tons of thiodiglycol, a mustard gas precursor, via U.S. firm Nu Kraft Mercantile Corporation and the Iraqi Industrial Procurement Corporation (IPC); believed to have been diverted to Iraq.
2. American Type Culture Collection (AKA ATCC)
1985 to 1989 Supplied over $8,000 worth of bacteria, fungi and protozoa including tularemia virus and at least 17 other shipments of attenuated strains of toxins and bacteria including six licenses between 1985 and 1989, to the Iraqi Atomic Energy Commission (responsible for nuclear weapon research and production) and other Iraqi government buyers, under U.S. license.
1985 Ustilago nuda (Jensen) Rostrup to : Iraq Atomic Energy Agency
Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum (ATCC 32136) to Ministry of Higher Education
Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum (ATCC 32136) to : Middle and Near East Regional A
1986 Bacillus Anthracis Cohn (ATCC 10) to : Ministry of Higher Education
Bacillus Subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn (ATCC 82)
Bacillus Subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn (ATCC 82)
Clostridium botulinum Type A (ATCC 3502)
Clostridium perfringens (Weillon and Zuber) Hauduroy, et al (ATCC 3624)
Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6051)
Francisella tularensis var. tularensis Olsufiev (ATCC 6223)
Clostridium tetani (ATCC 9441)
Clostridium botulinum Type E (ATCC 9564)
Clostridium tetani (ATCC 10779)
Clostridium perfringens (ATCC 12916)
Clostridium perfringens (ATCC 13124)
Bacillus Anthracis (ATCC 14185)
G.G. Wright (Fort Detrick) V770-NP1-R. Bovine anthrax,
Bacillus Anthracis (ATCC 14578)
Bacillus megaterium (ATCC 14581)
Bacillus megaterium (ATCC 14945)
Clostridium botulinum Type E (ATCC 17855)
Bacillus megaterium (ATCC 19213)
Clostridium botulinum Type A (ATCC 19397)
Brucella abortus Biotype 3 (ATCC 23450)
Brucella abortus Biotype 9 (ATCC 23455)
Brucella melitensis Biotype 1 (ATCC 23456)
Brucella melitensis Biotype 3 (ATCC 23458)
Clostridium botulinum Type A (ATCC 25763)
Clostridium botulinum Type F (ATCC 35415)
1987Saccharomyces cerevesiae (ATCC 2601): State Company for Drug Industries
Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis Serotype typhi (ATCC 6539)
Bacillus subtillus (ATCC 6633)
Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae (ATCC 10031)
Escherichia coli (ATCC 10536)
Bacillus cereus (11778)
Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228)
Bacillus pumilus (ATCC 14884)
Escherichia coli (ATCC 23846): Iraq Atomic Energy Commission
Escherichia coli (ATCC 33694)
1988 Escherichia coli (ATCC 11303) Iraq Atomic Energy Commission
Cauliflower Mosaic Caulimovirus (ATCC45031)
Plasmid in Agrobacterium Tumefaciens (ATCC37349)
Hulambda4x-8, clone: human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) Chromosome(s) X q26.1 (ATCC 57236) Phage vector; Suggested host: E.coli
Hulambda14-8, clone: human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) Chromosome(s): X q26.1 (ATCC 57240) Phage vector; Suggested host: E.coli
Hulambda15, clone: human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) Chromosome(s) X q26.1 (ATCC 57242) Phage vector; Suggested host: E.coli
Bacillus anthracis (ATCC 240): to Ministry of Trade
Bacillus anthracis (ATCC 938)
Clostridium perfringens (ATCC 3629)
Clostridium perfringens (ATCC 8009)
Bacillus anthracis (ATCC 8705)
Brucella abortus (ATCC 9014)
Clostridium perfringens (ATCC 10388)
Bacillus anthracis (ATCC 11966)
Batch# 05-05-70 (3 each)
Clostridium botulinum Type A
Batch# 07-86 (3 each)
Bacillus cereus (ATCC 33018)
Bacillus ceres (ATCC 33019)
1989 PHPT31, clone: human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) Chromosome(s) X q26.1 (ATCC 57057) to : Iraq Atomic Energy Commission
plambda500, clone: human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase pseudogene (HPRT) Chromosome(s): 5 p14-p13 (ATCC 57212)
Hulambda4x-8, clone: human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) Chromosome(s) X q26.1 (ATCC 57237) Phage vector; Suggested host: E.coli
Hulambda14, clone: human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) Chromosome(s): X q26.1 (ATCC 57240) Cloned from human lymphoblast
Phage vector; Suggested host: E.coli
Hulambda15, clone: human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) Chromosome(s) X q26.1 (ATCC 57241) Phage vector; Suggested host: E.coli
3. Axel Electronics Inc.
1987 Licensed to sell $84,000 worth of capacitors capable of powering the firing set for a nuclear weapon, to the Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization (MIMI) (generally responsible for Iraq's nuclear, missile and chemical weapon programs; and for Al Atheer, Iraq's nuclear weapon design and research center).
4. Banca Nazionale del Lavoro (Atlanta branch)
1988 to 1989 Authorized $2.64 billion in credits, a portion of which was used to finance the Condor II intermediate-range missile.
5. Bechtel Group
Late 1980s to Aug. 1990 Served as engineering consultant for a $4 billion petrochemical complex near Baghdad until Kuwait was invaded
6. Blue Seas Corp.
1988 to 1989 Licensed to sell $120,000 worth of electronic assemblies and integrated circuits to Saddam State Establishment (a military procurement agency) and to Nassr State Enterprise for Mechanical Industries (procured equipment for the SCUD enhancement program and the Taji chemical munitions site; procured and produced equipment and components for Iraq's nuclear program; ran artillery plants; linked to the Condor II intermediate-range missile project), for repair of products by same manufacturer.
7. Canberra Elektronik GmbH and Canberra Industries Inc.
1986 Licensed to sell over $30,000 worth of electronic and computing equipment able to measure neutrons to the Iraqi Atomic Energy Commission (responsible for nuclear weapon research and production); no end use statement was submitted.
8. Carl Schenck AG
1987 Licensed to sell over $10,000 worth of computers for process control and data evaluation to Saad 16 (Iraq's major missile research and development center, performing work on the Condor II and SCUD enhancement programs, as well as chemical and nuclear weapons research), for use with a German-made testing machine.
9. Carl Zeiss - U.S.
1987 Licensed to sell over $10,000 worth of computers for process control and data evaluation to Saad 16 (Iraq's major missile research and development center, performing work on the Condor II and SCUD enhancement programs, as well as chemical and nuclear weapons research), for use with a German-made testing machine.
10. Cerberus Ltd.
1987 Licensed to sell over $18,000 worth of computers to Al Qaqaa State Establishment (furnished bomb parts for Iraq's nuclear weapon testing program) as back up for the system from Swiss firm Cerberus.
11. Comtec International Inc.
1988 Licensed to sell over $117,000 worth of frequency synthesizers and equipment for repair and maintenance of handheld radios of the Civil Defense Group of the Ministry of the Interior (in charge of the Iraqi secret police); licensed to sell over $161,000 worth of radio transmitters and amplifiers for use as base stations to communicate with field agents to the Civil Defense Group of the Ministry of the Interior (in charge of the Iraqi secret police).
12. Consarc
1989 to 1990 Manufactured one vacuum and six annealing furnaces, found by U.N. inspectors at Badr (joint venture with State Establishment for Heavy Engineering [SEHEE] to establish the al Furat centrifuge factory); contracted to supply four high-performance, custom-made furnaces, worth $11 million, including high-temperature "skull" furnaces, capable of making missile parts, and melting zirconium; licensed to sell over $575,000 worth of numerical control equipment for use in making crucibles for a high-performance furnace system and furnaces to the Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization (MIMI) (generally responsible for Iraq's nuclear, missile and chemical weapon programs; and for Al Atheer, Iraq's nuclear weapon design and research center) and to the Ministry of Communications; stopped by Presidential order
13. Data General Corp.
1989 Licensed to sell $324,000 worth of computers for "mapping and surveying" to the Ministry of Defense (in charge of the State Organization for Technical Industries--SOTI--and Saad 16, a division of SOTI).
14. Dektor Counterintelligence
1985 Licensed to sell over $38,000 worth of "communications countermeasures equipment" for demonstration to the Ministry of the Interior (in charge of the Iraqi secret police).
15. Dupont
1989 Sold $30,000 worth of nuclear-grade fluorinated Krytox vacuum pump oil used in the Iraqi centrifuge program, to the State Company for Oil Products; license was for $130,000 worth of oil.
16. E G & G Princeton Applied Research
1989 Licensed to sell over $55,000 worth of radio spectrum analyzers for spectroscopic molecular analysis to the Ministry of Higher Education
17.1. E Z Logic Data Systems, Inc. - Missile
1990 Licensed to sell $28,000 worth of computers for "accounting purposes" and filing systems to the University of Mosul (procurement agent for and site of Saad 16, Iraq's major missile research and development center, performing work on the Condor II and SCUD enhancement programs, as well as chemical and nuclear weapons research).
17.2. E Z Logic Data Systems, Inc. - Nuclear
1989 Licensed to sell over $43,000 worth of computers for "accounting purposes" and filing systems to the Hatteen General Establishment (the high-explosive test facility at the Al Atheer complex, Iraq's main nuclear weapon development site).
18. Eastman Kodak
1989 Licensed to sell over $172,000 worth of equipment to analyze high-speed manufacturing processes to SOTI (a subdivision of the Ministry of Defense, procurement arm for Saad 16 and other sites for rocket production, SCUD missile enhancement and space rocket development).
19. Electronics Associates
1987 Shipped a $449,000 advanced hybrid analog computer system used in missile wind tunnel experiments to Germany for shipment via MBB and Gildemeister to Saad 16 (Iraq's major missile research and development center, performing work on the Condor II and SCUD enhancement programs, as well as chemical and nuclear weapons research).
20.1. Finnigan-MAT - Germany and US
Manufactured and supplied mass spectrometers able to sample uranium during enrichment to nuclear weapon grade; U.N. inspectors found five mass spectrometers in Iraq, including two "MAT 26 machines" found by inspectors to have been used for work with gasses (probably UF6) and solids
20.2. Finnigan-MAT - US
1985 to 1988 Manufactured at least two mass spectrometers found by U.N. inspectors in Iraq, used for work with gasses and solids; licensed to sell $1.14 million worth of computers and mass spectrometers capable of nuclear work, allegedly to study the presence of isotopes and to study basic materials, to the University of Mosul (procurement agent for and site of Saad 16, Iraq's major missile research and development center, performing work on the Condor II and SCUD enhancement programs, as well as chemical and nuclear weapons research) and the Ministry of Heavy Industry (merged with MIMI and SOTI in 1987).
21. Foxboro Company
1985 to 1986 Licensed to sell over $742,000 worth of electronic computing equipment to State Company for Oil Products (SCOP) Baghdad.
22. Gerber Systems Technology
1988 Licensed to sell over $367,000 worth of computers to program and run computer-controlled milling and turning machine tools able to produce precision components and tools, to the Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization (MIMI) (generally responsible for Iraq's nuclear, missile and chemical weapon programs; and for Al Atheer, Iraq's nuclear weapon design and research center).
23. Gildemeister Projecta GmbH
1985 to 1987 Licensed to sell $640,000 worth of electronic and photographic precision equipment, and computers for research and development for "scientific calculations and storage and processing," to Saad General Establishment (in charge of Saad 16, Iraq's major missile research and development center, performing work on the Condor II and SCUD enhancement programs, as well as chemical and nuclear weapons research).
24. Hardinge Brothers Inc.
Manufactured a "Super Precision" turning lathe found by U.N. inspectors at Al Atheer (Iraq's nuclear weapon design and research center); capable of being used to produce centrifuges; destroyed by inspectors.
25.1. Hewlett Packard - Military
1990: Licensed to sell $834,000 worth of computers for engineering applications and cryptographic and related equipment, to the Ministry of Oil.
1989 to 1990: Licensed to sell over $254,000 worth of frequency synthesizers for developing surveillance radar to Salah Al Din (a military electronics factory, built by French firm Thomson-CSF, which produced three-dimensional early warning radars, electronic countermeasures and inertial guidance components, and also produced equipment for making nuclear weapon fuel).
1985 to 1990: Licensed to sell over $444,000 worth of computer equipment, radio spectrum analyzers, and electronic testing equipment to various buyers including the State Establishment for Heavy Industry, Astronomical and Space Research, Iraqi Telecommunications and Post, Ministry of Transportation and Communication, University of Technology, Electronics and Computer Research, State Electrical Industrial, Iraq Steel Foundry, and others.
1985 to 1989: Licensed to sell over $690,000 worth of computing equipment and frequency synthesizers to the Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization (MIMI) (generally responsible for Iraq's nuclear, missile and chemical weapon programs; and for Al Atheer, Iraq's nuclear weapon design and research center).
1985: Licensed to sell $96,000 of computers to design and manufacture molds to the Nassr State Enterprise for Mechanical Industries (procured equipment for the SCUD enhancement program and the Taji chemical munitions site; procured and produced equipment and components for Iraq's nuclear program; ran artillery plants; linked to the Condor II intermediate-range missile project).
25.2. Hewlett Packard - Missile
1985 to 1986 Sold, through the German firm MBB, Iraq's main missile technology supplier, over $600,000 worth of electronic test and measurement equipment and general purpose computers, including microwave frequency counters, synthesizers for developing and testing radar antennas, radio spectrum analyzers and optical fiber cable, for use in 76 labs at Saad 16 (Iraq's major missile research and development center, performing work on the Condor II and SCUD enhancement programs, as well as chemical and nuclear weapons research) and to SOTI (a subdivision of the Ministry of Defense, procurement arm for Saad 16 and other sites for rocket production, SCUD missile enhancement and space rocket development).
25.3. Hewlett Packard - Nuclear
1986-1987: Licensed to sell $25,000 worth of electronic testing and computer graphics equipment to the Iraqi Atomic Energy Commission (responsible for nuclear weapon research and production).
Unknown: Manufactured three computers for operating machine tools, found by U.N. inspectors at Al Rabiya (a declared manufacturing site for the uranium enrichment program).
26. Hipotronics
1989 Sold nine power supply units worth $287,000 (four 45-kv, 5-amp and five 21-kv, 1.1-amp), with reverse polarity at Iraqi request; the more powerful units were capable of powering electron beam welders and calutrons, both of which were key to Iraq's program for producing nuclear weapon material.
27.1. Honeywell Inc. - Military
1988: Licensed to sell over $353,000 worth of computers to monitor "heating, ventilation and air conditioning" to the Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization (MIMI) (generally responsible for Iraq's nuclear, missile and chemical weapon programs; and for Al Atheer, Iraq's nuclear weapon design and research center).
1984: Prepared a feasibility study and design data for a fuel-air explosive warhead for ballistic missiles, described as "more effective...against personnel...[and] in minefield clearance" than standard high explosives.
27.2. Honeywell Inc. - Missile
1988 Licensed to sell, for $0, compasses, gyroscopes and accelerometers (all on the U.S. Department of Commerce list of components especially useful for building ballistic missiles) for use with computer cards to Iraqi Airways (listed by the U.S. Department of Justice as a front company for military procurement).
28. International Computer Systems - US
1989 to 1990: Licensed to sell $530,000 worth of computers to the University of Baghdad College for training students in architectural, civil and mechanical engineering.
1989: Licensed to sell $1.5 million worth of computers to the Military and Engineering Technical College in Baghdad for training students in "computer sciences, programming and graphics".
1987 to 1989: Licensed to sell over $1,540,000 worth of computers and spare parts for "administration" to various Iraqi buyers including the Ministry of Oil, the Northern Petroleum Organization, the Iraqi Cement State Enterprise, an unspecified buyer, and others.
1988: Licensed to sell over $2,000,000 worth of computers to the University of Technology for "training of students in programming and applications development".
29. International Computers Limited - US
1986 Licensed to sell $64,000 worth of computers to the Directorate of Mobilization for personnel and administration.
30. International Imaging Systems
1990: Licensed to sell $693,000 worth of sophisticated infrared electronic image enhancement equipment for remote sensing, capable of being used for aerial reconnaissance and missile tracking to the University of Mosul (procurement agent for and site of Saad 16, Iraq's major missile research and development center, performing work on the Condor II and SCUD enhancement programs, as well as chemical and nuclear weapons research); vendor states that the sale was never made.
1987: Sold over $295,000 worth of sophisticated electronic image enhancement equipment, capable of being used for aerial reconnaissance and missile tracking to the Iraqi Space and Astronomy Research Center.
1981: Sold at least $28,000 worth of sophisticated electronic imaging equipment that can enhance satellite photographs so they can be used for reconnaissance or missile targeting to the Iraqi Directorate General for Geological Survey and Mineral Investigation.
31. International Signal and Control (via Carlos Cardoen) (AKA International Signal and Control Corp. (ISC))
1984 to 1989 Supplied, via Carlos Cardoen, cluster bomb technology and blueprints to build a cluster bomb factory in Iraq; built a factory in Iraq capable of manufacturing electronic fuzes for FAE and cluster bombs; under indictment by the U.S. Department of Justice for conspiracy to illegally export over $30 million worth of missile parts, gyroscopes (on the U.S. Department of Commerce list of components especially useful for building ballistic missiles), laser technology, munitions and other military equipment to South African via its state-owned company Armscor, some of which was diverted to Iraq and used in the Gulf War; also used in the Hakim medium-range missile and the uncompleted Condor 2 nuclear-capable missile; in at least one case, a detonator battery found on an Iraqi artillery shell was traced to ISC; ISC was purchased for $700 million by U.K. defense firm Ferranti International PLC in 1987; in June 1992, former director James Guerin was sentenced to 15 years in U.S. federal court for defrauding Ferranti of $1.1 billion, laundering over $950 million and illegally exporting military technologies to South Africa and Iraq; part of a 48-company network of front organizations with at least 61 bank accounts.
32. Kennametal Inc.
1989 to 1990: Sold up to $900,000 worth of metalworking products to Iraq including $81,917 of metal-working tools to Al Kadisya State Establishment and unspecified sales to the State Machinery Trade Company; arranged shipment through its German subsidiary; financed by the Atlanta branch of Banca Nazionale de Lavoro, later used in a letter of credit to indict BNL.
1987 to 1989: Investigated by Congress and by the Departments of Justice and Commerce, and by U.S. Customs, for sales to Iraq of machine tools
33. Leybold Vacuum Systems (LVS) - US
U.S. subsidiary of German company.
1989: LVS installed a new rotary chuck in 1989, double the size of the original.
1988: Sold an electron beam welder with application specific mandrel, expanding mandrel and rollers, and numerical controller valued at $880,000 used to assemble centrifuges for enriching uranium to nuclear weapon grade to the Nassr State Enterprise for Mechanical Industries (procured equipment for the SCUD enhancement program and for Taji [a chemical weapon and industrial arms complex which also produced components for uranium enrichment]; ran artillery plants, and linked to the Condor II intermediate-range missile project); welder was shipped via German parent company Leybold and installed in 1988 by LVS at Taji; sold a five-axis CNC machine valued at $530,000 to operate the LVS welder described above, for "military repair applications such as jet engines and rocket cases," also to the Nassr State Enterprise for Mechanical Industries; shipped via German parent company Leybold and installed by LVS with LVS welder in 1988 at Taji.
34. Lincoln Electric Co.
Supplied welding machines, via Matrix Churchill, used to build Iraqi missile factories, according to documents seized in Iraq.
35. Litton Industries
1984 to 1989 Helped bankroll German firm Gildemeister Projecta AG and its subsidiary Gipro, the main contractor for Saad 16 (Iraq's major missile research and development center, performing work on the Condor II and SCUD enhancement programs, as well as chemical and nuclear weapons research), by maintaining a 14.3% share in Gildemeister--the largest foreign holding--during the life of the contract; Litton's profits were four times its original investment.
36. Lummus Crest
1985 to 1989 Licensed to sell over $250,000 worth of radio spectrum analyzers, and also computers for inventory, quality control, lab analysis and engineering calculations, for Iraq's multi-billion-dollar petrochemical complex at Basrah intended to make the mustard gas precursor thiodiglycol, to the Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization (MIMI) (generally responsible for Iraq's nuclear, missile and chemical weapon programs; and for Al Atheer, Iraq's nuclear weapon design and research center).
37. Maho AG - US and Germany
Manufactured three milling machines found by U.N. inspectors to have been used or capable of use in the Iraqi nuclear weapon program
38.1. Matrix Churchill Corp. and Glass Inc. International
1988 to 1990 Constructed in Iraq a glass fiber production plant possibly intended to make missile rocket motor casings; built at Nassr State Establishment in Taji; plant was reportedly also known as Project 3128.
38.2. Matrix Churchill Corp. and XYZ Options
1988 Constructed at Al Atheer (Iraq's nuclear weapon design and research center) a $14 million plant for the production of high-precision tungsten carbide tools, financed by BNL and arranged via U.K. firm Matrix Churchill; completed by spring 1990; destroyed by U.N. inspectors.
39. MBB Helicopter Corp.
1989 Licensed to sell over $957,000 worth of compasses, gyroscopes and accelerometers (all on the U.S. Department of Commerce list of components especially useful for building ballistic missiles) for MBB helicopters in "an executive transport configuration" to the Iraqi Air Force
40. Memphis International Inc.
1987 to 1988 Licensed to sell over $4,478,000 worth of compasses, gyroscopes and accelerometers (all on the U.S. Department of Commerce list of components especially useful for building ballistic missiles) to Iraqi Airways (listed by the U.S. Department of Justice as a front company for military procurement).
41. Nu Kraft Mercantile Corp. and Industrial Procurement Corp.
1988 Illegally reexported over 300 tons of thiodiglycol (supplied by U.S. firm Alcolac International) from Antwerp, Belgium via Jordan to Iraq
42.1. Perkin Elmer Corp. - Missile
1989 Licensed to sell over $24,000 worth of computers to the Scientific Research Council (a subdivision of SOTI).
42.2. Perkin Elmer Corp. - Nuclear
1986 to 1989: Licensed to sell over $82,000 worth of electronic and photographic equipment for chemical research in carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, beryllium, boron, tellurium, antimony and arsenic to the Iraqi Atomic Energy Commission (responsible for nuclear weapon research and production); licensed to sell over $198,000 worth of computers for use with a chromatograph in "detecting amines and ethyl-aniline" to Al Qaqaa State Establishment (furnished bomb parts for Iraq's nuclear weapon testing program).
Unknown: Manufactured a plasma spray system found by U.N. inspectors to have been used or capable of use in the Iraqi nuclear weapon program; destroyed by U.N. inspectors.
43. Presray Corp.
Sold rubber door seals, usable in nuclear or chemical facilities to prevent the spread of contaminants, to the State Electrical Industries
44. Redlake Corp.
1990 Licensed to sell over $10,000 worth of photographic equipment including optical heads for cameras and timing lights, for "scientific research on projectile behavior and terminal ballistics," to A. M. Daoud.
45.1. Rockwell International Collins
1986 to 1987: Licensed to sell $42,000 worth of navigational and directional finding radar for airborne communication to the Iraqi Air Force Aviation Supply.
1986: Licensed to sell $155,000 worth of navigational and directional finding radar for airborne communication, and electronic assemblies and integrated circuits to the Iraqi Army Aviation
45.2. Rockwell International Collins Defense and Rockwell International Corp.
1985 to 1986 Licensed to sell over $128,000 worth of navigational and directional finding radar for airborne communication to the Ministry of Defense (in charge of the State Organization for Technical Industries--SOTI--and Saad 16, a division of SOTI).
45.3. Rockwell International Corp.
1986: Licensed to sell $7,500 worth of navigational and directional finding radar for airborne communication to Iraqi Army Aviation Ministry.
1985 to 1986: Licensed to sell $86,000 worth of navigational and directional finding radar for airborne communication to Iraqi Airways (listed by the U.S. Department of Justice as a front company for military procurement).
1985: Licensed to sell $114,000 worth of navigational and directional finding radar for airborne communication to the Iraqi Air Force
46. Sackman Associates
1989 Licensed to sell over $93,000 worth of electronic assemblies, integrated circuits, and computers, for use with equipment to analyze the performance of coatings, capable of use in producing rocket and missile nose cones, to the Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization (MIMI) (generally responsible for Iraq's nuclear, missile and chemical weapon programs; and for Al Atheer, Iraq's nuclear weapon design and research center).
47. Scientific Atlanta
1987 Sold $820,000 worth of antenna testers via German firm MBB to Saad 16 (Iraq's major missile research and development center, performing work on the Condor II and SCUD enhancement programs, as well as chemical and nuclear weapons research).
48. Semetex
1989 Licensed to sell over $5,155,000 worth of computing equipment for manufacturing discrete transistors, silicon diodes and photovoltaic devices to the Al Mansour factory (responsible for supplying the Iraqi rocket launch site at Karbala, the SCUD enhancement sites Al Hillah and Al Falluja, and the space launch center at Al-Anbar).
49. Siemens Corp.
1989 Licensed to sell $79,000 worth of computers for testing and control of two X-ray diffraction systems made by German firm Siemens, capable of high temperature analysis of mineral powders, and stress and texture analysis of minerals to the Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization (MIMI) (generally responsible for Iraq's nuclear, missile and chemical weapon programs; and for Al Atheer, Iraq's nuclear weapon design and research center).
50. SIP Corporation
Manufactured three jig bores found by U.N. inspectors to have been used or capable of use in the Iraqi nuclear weapon program.
51. Spectra Physics
1987 Licensed to sell $19,000 worth of lasers, laser systems, and "communication/detection/tracking equipment" for study of laser physics and applications, to Salah al Din (a military electronics factory, built by French firm Thomson-CSF, which produced three-dimensional early warning radars, electronic countermeasures and inertial guidance components, and also produced equipment for making nuclear weapon fuel).
52. Spectral Data Corp.
1985 Licensed to sell $27,000 worth of image processing, display systems and multispectral-digital equipment for "processing and interpretation of landsat data" to the University of Mosul (procurement agent for and site of Saad 16, Iraq's major missile research and development center, performing work on the Condor II and SCUD enhancement programs, as well as chemical and nuclear weapons research).
53.1. Sperry Corp.
1986 Licensed to sell $32,000 worth of computers to Saad 21 (a military end-user); no end use statement submitted.
53.2. Sperry Corp. Aerospace
1986 Licensed to sell $68,000 worth of compasses, gyroscopes and accelerometers (all on the U.S. Department of Commerce list of components especially useful for building ballistic missiles) to the ADG of Military Accounts Baghdad.
53.3. Sperry Corp. and Sperry Univac Division
1985 Licensed to sell $8,715,000 worth of computers for a "personnel database" capable of surveillance of the Iraqi population to the Ministry of the Interior (in charge of the Iraqi secret police).
53.4. Sperry Univac Division
1986 Licensed to sell $6.2 million worth of computers "to manipulate databased records" to the National Computer Center.
54. Swissco Properties Inc.
1982 to 1989 Indicted by U.S. Department of Justice for conspiracy and violation of Arms Export Control Act and Export Administration Act, including illegal export of zirconium used in 24,000 cluster bombs that were sold to Iraq.
55.1. Tektronix - Military
1985 to 1990: Licensed to sell over $140,000 worth of oscilloscopes, electronic testing equipment, computers and computer peripherals to various buyers including the Military Technical College, the University of Baghdad, the Iraqi National Oil Co., the National Center for Engineering, and others.
1985: Sold over $12,000 worth of oscilloscopes used to maintain large computers to the Iraqi Air Force.
55.2. Tektronix - Missile, possibly nuclear
1985 to 1989: Sold at least $50,000, and licensed to sell $60,000 worth of electronic measuring equipment to SOTI (a subdivision of the Ministry of Defense, procurement arm for Saad 16 and other sites for rocket production, SCUD missile enhancement and space rocket development) and Saad 16 (Iraq's primary missile research and development site, which also performed nuclear weapon research) via German firm Gildemeister, and also sold a digital oscilloscope which, according to a company official, "does have nuclear applications," to Germany for transfer via MBB to Saad 16.
1985 to 1988: Licensed to sell $80,000 worth of radio spectrum analyzers capable of developing microwave equipment up to 325 GHz, a highly sensitive frequency, and oscilloscopes for radioastronomy to the Scientific Research Council (a subdivision of SOTI).
56. Teledyne Wah Chang
1986 Raided in March 1992 by U.S. federal agents investigating illegal zirconium sales to Iraq through Chilean arms-dealer Carlos Cardoen.
57. Thermo Jarrell Ash Corp.
1989 Sold over $350,000 worth of spectrometers to measure particles in "geological and clinical samples of liquids and solids" to the Scientific Research Council (a subdivision of SOTI).
58. TI Coating Inc.
1988 Licensed to sell over $373,000 worth of chemical vapor deposition blueprints, training and manuals for accompanying TI Coating equipment, useful in applying specialized protective coatings to molds, to Badr Establishment of Mechanical Engineering (responsible for producing aerial bombs, and for producing centrifuges for making nuclear weapon fuel).
59. U.S. Centers for Disease Control
1985 Sent to : University of Baghdad, College of Medicine , Department of Microbiology
3 yeast cultures Candida sp.
Lyophilized arbovirus seed
West Nile Fever Virus
Yersinia pestis
Y. pseudotuberculosis
Bhania Virus
Dengue Virus
Hazara Virus
Kamerovo Virus
Langat Virus
Sandfly Fever/Naples Virus
Sandfly Fever/Sicilian Virus
Sindbis Virus
Tahyna Virus
Thoyoto Virus
Diagnostic Reagents and associate materiasl
Sent to : Minister of Health, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
antigen and antisera (r. rickettsii and r. typhi)
1986 Sent to : Officers City Al-Muthanna, Quartret 710, Street 13, Close 69 House 28/I, Baghdad, Iraq
botulinum toxoid
botulinum toxoid #A2
1989 Sent to : University of Basrah, College of Science, Department of Biology
Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus faecium
Enterococcus avium
Enterococcus raffinosus
Enterococcus gallinarium
Enterococcus durans
Enterococcus hirae
Streptococcus bovis
60. U.S. Department of Commerce
1985 to 1990 Tampered with official records of U.S. licenses for export to Iraq, to disguise the shipment of militarily useful equipment and technology, including five alterations for the proposed shipment of over $1 billion in trucks originally described as "designed for military use," deletion of information characterizing an end-user as "involved in military matters," and 63 additional alterations.
61. U.S. Department of State
1988 Provided individual clearance for three Iraqi scientists from Al Qaqaa State Establishment (furnished bomb parts for Iraq's nuclear weapon testing program) to attend a quadrennial international detonation conference in Portland, Oregon.
62. U.S. Department of Defense
August to September 1989 Presented nuclear weapon detonation technology and flyer plate technology, used to control the force and shape of implosive shock waves, at a quadrennial international detonation conference in Portland, Oregon, attended by three Iraqi scientists who received individual clearances from the Department of State; scientists were from Al Qaqaa State Establishment (furnished bomb parts for Iraq's nuclear weapon testing program).
63. U.S. Department of Energy nuclear weapon lab Lawrence Livermore
August to September 1989 Presented nuclear weapon detonation technology and flyer plate technology, used to control the force and shape of implosive shock waves, at a quadrennial international detonation conference in Portland, Oregon, attended by three Iraqi scientists who received individual clearances from the Department of State; scientists were from Al Qaqaa State Establishment (furnished bomb parts for Iraq's nuclear weapon testing program).
64. U.S. Department of Energy nuclear weapon lab Los Alamos
August to September 1989 Presented nuclear weapon detonation technology and flyer plate technology, used to control the force and shape of implosive shock waves, at a quadrennial international detonation conference in Portland, Oregon, attended by three Iraqi scientists who received individual clearances from the Department of State; scientists were from Al Qaqaa State Establishment (furnished bomb parts for Iraq's nuclear weapon testing program).
65. U.S. Department of Energy nuclear weapon lab Sandia
August to September 1989 Presented nuclear weapon detonation technology and flyer plate technology, used to control the force and shape of implosive shock waves, at a quadrennial international detonation conference in Portland, Oregon, attended by three Iraqi scientists who received individual clearances from the Department of State; scientists were from Al Qaqaa State Establishment (furnished bomb parts for Iraq's nuclear weapon testing program).
66. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture
1983 to 1990 Extended billions of dollars worth of loan guarantees through the Commodity Credit Corporation's General Sales Manager credits, some of which Iraq used to obtain equipment and material for its chemical weapon and ballistic missile programs.
67.1. Unisys Corp. Bitco - Military
1989: Licensed to sell $140,000 worth of computers to the Iraqi Navy.
1988: Licensed to sell $2.2 million worth of computers to the Al Faraby facility of the Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization (MIMI) (generally responsible for Iraq's nuclear, missile and chemical weapon programs; and for Al Atheer, Iraq's nuclear weapon design and research center); licensed to sell $323,000 worth of computers to the National Computer Center.
1987 to 1988: Licensed to sell over $430,000 worth of computers to the Saddam State Establishment (a military procurement agency).
67.2. Unisys Corp. Bitco - Possibly Missile
1988 Licensed to sell $8,000 worth of computers to Saad State Establishment (a subdivision of SOTI and umbrella for all Saad projects including Iraq's missile research and development programs).
67.3. Unisys Corp. Bitco - Program Unknown
1988 Sold over $8,717,000 worth of computers for a "personnel data base" for use "at airports and border crossing stations" capable of surveillance of the Iraqi population to the Ministry of the Interior (in charge of the Iraqi secret police); licensed to sell over $2,422,000 worth of computers to the Ministry of Planning
67.4. Unisys Corp. Bitco and Unisys Corp.
1988 to 1989 Sold at least $500,000, and licensed to sell $600,000 worth of computers ostensibly for use in payroll and accounting to the Ministry of Defense (in charge of the State Organization for Technical Industries--SOTI--and Saad 16, a division of SOTI).
68. US - Unknown Military Suppliers
Early 1980s Produced fuses for 100,000 Greek artillery shells which were transshipped in 1986 to Iraq during the Iran-Iraq war, despite an official ban on the transfer of American-made military equipment to Iraq.
69. Veeco Instruments Inc.
1986 Licensed to sell $4,600 worth of computers for use by German firm Interatom GmbH in "manufacturing of nuclear power stations" and "planning and construction of photovoltaic plants" to SOTI (a subdivision of the Ministry of Defense, procurement arm for Saad 16 and other sites for rocket production, SCUD missile enhancement and space rocket development).
70. Wild Magnavox Satellite Survey
1988 Licensed to sell over $270,000 worth of navigational, directional-finding, radar and airborne communication equipment to the Ministry of Defense (in charge of the State Organization for Technical Industries--SOTI--and Saad 16, a division of SOTI).
71. Wiltron
1987 Shipped scalar network analyzers, that use a radio frequency of up to 40 GHz, a highly sensitive frequency, capable of testing and developing microwave circuits for missile guidance radars, to Germany for transshipment via MBB to Saad 16 (Iraq's major missile research and development center, performing work on the Condor II and SCUD enhancement programs, as well as chemical and nuclear weapons research); licensed to sell $50,000 worth of electronic measuring, testing and calibrating equipment.
72. XYZ Options, Inc.
1989 Sold a powder press "suitable for the compaction of nuclear fuels," according to the U.S. Customs Service; constructed at Al Atheer (Iraq's nuclear weapon design and research center) a $14 million plant for the production of high-precision tungsten carbide tools, financed by BNL and arranged via U.K. firm Matrix Churchill; plant completed by spring 1990; destroyed by U.N. inspectors; owner of CarbiTech of Topeka, KS, which trained dozens of Iraqis on how to manufacture carbide-tipped inserts for machine tools.
73. Zeta Laboratories Inc.
1988 Licensed to sell $2,210,000 worth of quartz crystals and electronic assemblies for use in radar systems to Salah Al Din (a military electronics factory, built by French firm Thomson-CSF, which produced three-dimensional early warning radars, electronic countermeasures and inertial guidance components, and also produced equipment for making nuclear weapon fuel) and to the Iraqi Trading Company.
http://www.strike-free.net/en/ls/the_big_lie.htm
Geneva: The 10 non-permanent members of the UN Security Council--to which Germany will belong starting in January--have been withheld substantial parts of the Iraqi arms report. All information about the supplies from--and the support of--foreign companies, research labs and governments from the mid-1970's on, related to Iraqi arms programs, have been deleted. The 5 permanent Council members, the USA, Russia, China, France and Great Britain, are aware of this censorship. According to the German Press Agency DPA, it has reduced the 12,00 page report to only 3000 pages.
From information gathered from UN diplomats of 2 of these 5 countries taz learned that the censorship was agreed on primarily upon the urging of the United States. Among the 5 constant members of the Security Council it was the USA that stood out by giving the strongest support to Saddam Hussain's regime by arming it with the means of mass destruction.
The report gives us a complete overview of these supplies for the first time. In particular it names the 24 US companies and when and to whom in Iraq the supplies were delivered. And it makes clear how strongly the Reagan and the first Bush administrations supported the arming of Iraq, from 1980 up to the Gulf conflict of 1990/91. Substantial construction units for the Iraqi nuclear weapon and rocket programs were supplied with permission of the government in Washington. The poison Anthrax for the arming of Iraq with biological weapons stemmed from US laboratories. Iraqi military and armament experts were trained in the US and there received know-how having to do with their domestic arms programs.
According to the estimation of Susan Wright, a US arms-control expert from the University of Michigan, publication of this information would be "especially embarassing for the USA." It would "remind people in the USA of a very dark chapter, which the Bush administration would prefer to forget about." Whether the US had already struck out this information before it made copies for the other 4 permanent Council members continues to be unclear.
Author: Andreas Zumach
Original in German at
http://www.taz.de/pt/2002/12/18/a0049.nf/text Translator: Anu de Monterice
Legend used in this list:
A = nuclear program,
B = bioweapons program,
C = chemical weapons program,
R = rocket program,
K = conventional weapons, military logistics, supplies at the Iraqi Defense Ministry and the building of military plants.
US CORPORATIONS
1 Honeywell (R, K)
2 Spectra Physics (K)
3 Semetex (R)
4 TI Coating (A, K)
5 Unisys (A, K)
6 Sperry Corp. (R, K)
7 Tektronix (R, A)
8 Rockwell (K)
9 Leybold Vacuum Systems (A)
10 Finnigan-MAT-US (A)
11 Hewlett-Packard (A, R, K)
12 Dupont (A)
13 Eastman Kodak (R)
14 American Type Culture Collection (B)
15 Alcolac International (C)
16 Consarc (A)
17 Carl Zeiss - U.S (K)
18 Cerberus (LTD) (A)
19 Electronic Associates (R)
20 International Computer Systems (A, R, K)
21 Bechtel (K)
22 EZ Logic Data Systems, Inc. (R)
23 Canberra Industries Inc. (A)
24 Axel Electronics Inc. (A)
After the list of US firms are these remarks: "In addition to these 24 companies home-based in the USA are 50 subsidiaries of foreign enterprises which conducted their arms business with Iraq from within the US. Also designated as suppliers for Iraq's arms programs (A, B, C & R) are the US Ministries of Defense, Energy, Trade and Agriculture as well as the Lawrence Livermore, Los Alamos and Sandia National Laboratories." (Anu's translation)
CHINA
1 China Wanbao Engineering Company (A, C, K)
2 Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd (K)
3 China State Missile Company (R)
FRANCE
1 Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique (A)
2 Sciaky (A)
3 Thomson CSF (A, K)
4 Aerospatiale and Matra Espace (R)
5 Cerbag (A)
6 Protec SA (C)
7 Thales Group (A)
8 Societé Général pour les Techniques Nouvelles (A)
GREAT BRITAIN
1 Euromac Ltd-Uk (A)
2 C. Plath-Nuclear (A)
3 Endshire Export Marketing (A)
4 International Computer Systems (A, R, K)
5 MEED International (A, C)
6 Walter Somers Ltd. (R)
7 International Computer Limited (A, K)
8 Matrix Churchill Corp. (A)
9 Ali Ashour Daghir (A)
10 International Military Services (R) (im Besitz des brit. Verteidigungsministeriums)
11 Sheffield Forgemasters (R)
12 Technology Development Group (R)
13 International Signal and Control (R)
14 Terex Corporation (R)
15 Inwako (A)
16 TMG Engineering (K)
17 XYY Options, Inc (A)
USSR-RUSSIA
1 Soviet State Missile Co. (R)
2 Niikhism (R)
3 Mars Rotor (R)
4 Livinvest (R)
5 Russia Aviatin Trading House (K)
6 Amsar Trading (K)
More countries
JAPAN
1 Fanuc (A)
2 Hammamatsu Photonics KK (A)
3 NEC (A)
4 Osaka (A)
5 Waida (A)
NETHERLANDS
1 Melchemie B.V. (C)
2 KBS Holland B.V. (C)
3 Delft Instruments N.V. (K)
BELGIUM
1 Boehler Edelstahl (A),
2 NU Kraft Mercantile Corporation (C),
3 OIP Instrubel (K),
4 Phillips Petroleum (C)
5 Poudries Réunies Belge SA (R)
6 Sebatra (A),
7 Space Research Corp. (R)
SPAIN
1 Spanien: Donabat (R)
2 Treblam (C)
3 Zayer (A)
SWEDEN
1 ABB (A)
2 Saab-Scania (R)
U. S. corporate and government entities licensed by the U.S. Department of Commerce to supply weapons to Iraq
From: Iraq Watch
http://www.iraqwatch.org U. S. Weapons Suppliers to Iraq
U.S. entities licensed by the U. S. Department of Commerce to export to Iraq
1. Alcolac International
1988 Exported over 300 tons of thiodiglycol, a mustard gas precursor, via U.S. firm Nu Kraft Mercantile Corporation and the Iraqi Industrial Procurement Corporation (IPC); believed to have been diverted to Iraq.
2. American Type Culture Collection (AKA ATCC)
1985 to 1989 Supplied over $8,000 worth of bacteria, fungi and protozoa including tularemia virus and at least 17 other shipments of attenuated strains of toxins and bacteria including six licenses between 1985 and 1989, to the Iraqi Atomic Energy Commission (responsible for nuclear weapon research and production) and other Iraqi government buyers, under U.S. license.
1985 Ustilago nuda (Jensen) Rostrup to : Iraq Atomic Energy Agency
Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum (ATCC 32136) to Ministry of Higher Education
Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum (ATCC 32136) to : Middle and Near East Regional A
1986 Bacillus Anthracis Cohn (ATCC 10) to : Ministry of Higher Education
Bacillus Subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn (ATCC 82)
Bacillus Subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn (ATCC 82)
Clostridium botulinum Type A (ATCC 3502)
Clostridium perfringens (Weillon and Zuber) Hauduroy, et al (ATCC 3624)
Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6051)
Francisella tularensis var. tularensis Olsufiev (ATCC 6223)
Clostridium tetani (ATCC 9441)
Clostridium botulinum Type E (ATCC 9564)
Clostridium tetani (ATCC 10779)
Clostridium perfringens (ATCC 12916)
Clostridium perfringens (ATCC 13124)
Bacillus Anthracis (ATCC 14185)
G.G. Wright (Fort Detrick) V770-NP1-R. Bovine anthrax,
Bacillus Anthracis (ATCC 14578)
Bacillus megaterium (ATCC 14581)
Bacillus megaterium (ATCC 14945)
Clostridium botulinum Type E (ATCC 17855)
Bacillus megaterium (ATCC 19213)
Clostridium botulinum Type A (ATCC 19397)
Brucella abortus Biotype 3 (ATCC 23450)
Brucella abortus Biotype 9 (ATCC 23455)
Brucella melitensis Biotype 1 (ATCC 23456)
Brucella melitensis Biotype 3 (ATCC 23458)
Clostridium botulinum Type A (ATCC 25763)
Clostridium botulinum Type F (ATCC 35415)
1987Saccharomyces cerevesiae (ATCC 2601): State Company for Drug Industries
Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis Serotype typhi (ATCC 6539)
Bacillus subtillus (ATCC 6633)
Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae (ATCC 10031)
Escherichia coli (ATCC 10536)
Bacillus cereus (11778)
Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228)
Bacillus pumilus (ATCC 14884)
Escherichia coli (ATCC 23846): Iraq Atomic Energy Commission
Escherichia coli (ATCC 33694)
1988 Escherichia coli (ATCC 11303) Iraq Atomic Energy Commission
Cauliflower Mosaic Caulimovirus (ATCC45031)
Plasmid in Agrobacterium Tumefaciens (ATCC37349)
Hulambda4x-8, clone: human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) Chromosome(s) X q26.1 (ATCC 57236) Phage vector; Suggested host: E.coli
Hulambda14-8, clone: human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) Chromosome(s): X q26.1 (ATCC 57240) Phage vector; Suggested host: E.coli
Hulambda15, clone: human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) Chromosome(s) X q26.1 (ATCC 57242) Phage vector; Suggested host: E.coli
Bacillus anthracis (ATCC 240): to Ministry of Trade
Bacillus anthracis (ATCC 938)
Clostridium perfringens (ATCC 3629)
Clostridium perfringens (ATCC 8009)
Bacillus anthracis (ATCC 8705)
Brucella abortus (ATCC 9014)
Clostridium perfringens (ATCC 10388)
Bacillus anthracis (ATCC 11966)
Batch# 05-05-70 (3 each)
Clostridium botulinum Type A
Batch# 07-86 (3 each)
Bacillus cereus (ATCC 33018)
Bacillus ceres (ATCC 33019)
1989 PHPT31, clone: human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) Chromosome(s) X q26.1 (ATCC 57057) to : Iraq Atomic Energy Commission
plambda500, clone: human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase pseudogene (HPRT) Chromosome(s): 5 p14-p13 (ATCC 57212)
Hulambda4x-8, clone: human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) Chromosome(s) X q26.1 (ATCC 57237) Phage vector; Suggested host: E.coli
Hulambda14, clone: human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) Chromosome(s): X q26.1 (ATCC 57240) Cloned from human lymphoblast
Phage vector; Suggested host: E.coli
Hulambda15, clone: human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) Chromosome(s) X q26.1 (ATCC 57241) Phage vector; Suggested host: E.coli
3. Axel Electronics Inc.
1987 Licensed to sell $84,000 worth of capacitors capable of powering the firing set for a nuclear weapon, to the Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization (MIMI) (generally responsible for Iraq's nuclear, missile and chemical weapon programs; and for Al Atheer, Iraq's nuclear weapon design and research center).
4. Banca Nazionale del Lavoro (Atlanta branch)
1988 to 1989 Authorized $2.64 billion in credits, a portion of which was used to finance the Condor II intermediate-range missile.
5. Bechtel Group
Late 1980s to Aug. 1990 Served as engineering consultant for a $4 billion petrochemical complex near Baghdad until Kuwait was invaded
6. Blue Seas Corp.
1988 to 1989 Licensed to sell $120,000 worth of electronic assemblies and integrated circuits to Saddam State Establishment (a military procurement agency) and to Nassr State Enterprise for Mechanical Industries (procured equipment for the SCUD enhancement program and the Taji chemical munitions site; procured and produced equipment and components for Iraq's nuclear program; ran artillery plants; linked to the Condor II intermediate-range missile project), for repair of products by same manufacturer.
7. Canberra Elektronik GmbH and Canberra Industries Inc.
1986 Licensed to sell over $30,000 worth of electronic and computing equipment able to measure neutrons to the Iraqi Atomic Energy Commission (responsible for nuclear weapon research and production); no end use statement was submitted.
8. Carl Schenck AG
1987 Licensed to sell over $10,000 worth of computers for process control and data evaluation to Saad 16 (Iraq's major missile research and development center, performing work on the Condor II and SCUD enhancement programs, as well as chemical and nuclear weapons research), for use with a German-made testing machine.
9. Carl Zeiss - U.S.
1987 Licensed to sell over $10,000 worth of computers for process control and data evaluation to Saad 16 (Iraq's major missile research and development center, performing work on the Condor II and SCUD enhancement programs, as well as chemical and nuclear weapons research), for use with a German-made testing machine.
10. Cerberus Ltd.
1987 Licensed to sell over $18,000 worth of computers to Al Qaqaa State Establishment (furnished bomb parts for Iraq's nuclear weapon testing program) as back up for the system from Swiss firm Cerberus.
11. Comtec International Inc.
1988 Licensed to sell over $117,000 worth of frequency synthesizers and equipment for repair and maintenance of handheld radios of the Civil Defense Group of the Ministry of the Interior (in charge of the Iraqi secret police); licensed to sell over $161,000 worth of radio transmitters and amplifiers for use as base stations to communicate with field agents to the Civil Defense Group of the Ministry of the Interior (in charge of the Iraqi secret police).
12. Consarc
1989 to 1990 Manufactured one vacuum and six annealing furnaces, found by U.N. inspectors at Badr (joint venture with State Establishment for Heavy Engineering [SEHEE] to establish the al Furat centrifuge factory); contracted to supply four high-performance, custom-made furnaces, worth $11 million, including high-temperature "skull" furnaces, capable of making missile parts, and melting zirconium; licensed to sell over $575,000 worth of numerical control equipment for use in making crucibles for a high-performance furnace system and furnaces to the Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization (MIMI) (generally responsible for Iraq's nuclear, missile and chemical weapon programs; and for Al Atheer, Iraq's nuclear weapon design and research center) and to the Ministry of Communications; stopped by Presidential order
13. Data General Corp.
1989 Licensed to sell $324,000 worth of computers for "mapping and surveying" to the Ministry of Defense (in charge of the State Organization for Technical Industries--SOTI--and Saad 16, a division of SOTI).
14. Dektor Counterintelligence
1985 Licensed to sell over $38,000 worth of "communications countermeasures equipment" for demonstration to the Ministry of the Interior (in charge of the Iraqi secret police).
15. Dupont
1989 Sold $30,000 worth of nuclear-grade fluorinated Krytox vacuum pump oil used in the Iraqi centrifuge program, to the State Company for Oil Products; license was for $130,000 worth of oil.
16. E G & G Princeton Applied Research
1989 Licensed to sell over $55,000 worth of radio spectrum analyzers for spectroscopic molecular analysis to the Ministry of Higher Education
17.1. E Z Logic Data Systems, Inc. - Missile
1990 Licensed to sell $28,000 worth of computers for "accounting purposes" and filing systems to the University of Mosul (procurement agent for and site of Saad 16, Iraq's major missile research and development center, performing work on the Condor II and SCUD enhancement programs, as well as chemical and nuclear weapons research).
17.2. E Z Logic Data Systems, Inc. - Nuclear
1989 Licensed to sell over $43,000 worth of computers for "accounting purposes" and filing systems to the Hatteen General Establishment (the high-explosive test facility at the Al Atheer complex, Iraq's main nuclear weapon development site).
18. Eastman Kodak
1989 Licensed to sell over $172,000 worth of equipment to analyze high-speed manufacturing processes to SOTI (a subdivision of the Ministry of Defense, procurement arm for Saad 16 and other sites for rocket production, SCUD missile enhancement and space rocket development).
19. Electronics Associates
1987 Shipped a $449,000 advanced hybrid analog computer system used in missile wind tunnel experiments to Germany for shipment via MBB and Gildemeister to Saad 16 (Iraq's major missile research and development center, performing work on the Condor II and SCUD enhancement programs, as well as chemical and nuclear weapons research).
20.1. Finnigan-MAT - Germany and US
Manufactured and supplied mass spectrometers able to sample uranium during enrichment to nuclear weapon grade; U.N. inspectors found five mass spectrometers in Iraq, including two "MAT 26 machines" found by inspectors to have been used for work with gasses (probably UF6) and solids
20.2. Finnigan-MAT - US
1985 to 1988 Manufactured at least two mass spectrometers found by U.N. inspectors in Iraq, used for work with gasses and solids; licensed to sell $1.14 million worth of computers and mass spectrometers capable of nuclear work, allegedly to study the presence of isotopes and to study basic materials, to the University of Mosul (procurement agent for and site of Saad 16, Iraq's major missile research and development center, performing work on the Condor II and SCUD enhancement programs, as well as chemical and nuclear weapons research) and the Ministry of Heavy Industry (merged with MIMI and SOTI in 1987).
21. Foxboro Company
1985 to 1986 Licensed to sell over $742,000 worth of electronic computing equipment to State Company for Oil Products (SCOP) Baghdad.
22. Gerber Systems Technology
1988 Licensed to sell over $367,000 worth of computers to program and run computer-controlled milling and turning machine tools able to produce precision components and tools, to the Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization (MIMI) (generally responsible for Iraq's nuclear, missile and chemical weapon programs; and for Al Atheer, Iraq's nuclear weapon design and research center).
23. Gildemeister Projecta GmbH
1985 to 1987 Licensed to sell $640,000 worth of electronic and photographic precision equipment, and computers for research and development for "scientific calculations and storage and processing," to Saad General Establishment (in charge of Saad 16, Iraq's major missile research and development center, performing work on the Condor II and SCUD enhancement programs, as well as chemical and nuclear weapons research).
24. Hardinge Brothers Inc.
Manufactured a "Super Precision" turning lathe found by U.N. inspectors at Al Atheer (Iraq's nuclear weapon design and research center); capable of being used to produce centrifuges; destroyed by inspectors.
25.1. Hewlett Packard - Military
1990: Licensed to sell $834,000 worth of computers for engineering applications and cryptographic and related equipment, to the Ministry of Oil.
1989 to 1990: Licensed to sell over $254,000 worth of frequency synthesizers for developing surveillance radar to Salah Al Din (a military electronics factory, built by French firm Thomson-CSF, which produced three-dimensional early warning radars, electronic countermeasures and inertial guidance components, and also produced equipment for making nuclear weapon fuel).
1985 to 1990: Licensed to sell over $444,000 worth of computer equipment, radio spectrum analyzers, and electronic testing equipment to various buyers including the State Establishment for Heavy Industry, Astronomical and Space Research, Iraqi Telecommunications and Post, Ministry of Transportation and Communication, University of Technology, Electronics and Computer Research, State Electrical Industrial, Iraq Steel Foundry, and others.
1985 to 1989: Licensed to sell over $690,000 worth of computing equipment and frequency synthesizers to the Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization (MIMI) (generally responsible for Iraq's nuclear, missile and chemical weapon programs; and for Al Atheer, Iraq's nuclear weapon design and research center).
1985: Licensed to sell $96,000 of computers to design and manufacture molds to the Nassr State Enterprise for Mechanical Industries (procured equipment for the SCUD enhancement program and the Taji chemical munitions site; procured and produced equipment and components for Iraq's nuclear program; ran artillery plants; linked to the Condor II intermediate-range missile project).
25.2. Hewlett Packard - Missile
1985 to 1986 Sold, through the German firm MBB, Iraq's main missile technology supplier, over $600,000 worth of electronic test and measurement equipment and general purpose computers, including microwave frequency counters, synthesizers for developing and testing radar antennas, radio spectrum analyzers and optical fiber cable, for use in 76 labs at Saad 16 (Iraq's major missile research and development center, performing work on the Condor II and SCUD enhancement programs, as well as chemical and nuclear weapons research) and to SOTI (a subdivision of the Ministry of Defense, procurement arm for Saad 16 and other sites for rocket production, SCUD missile enhancement and space rocket development).
25.3. Hewlett Packard - Nuclear
1986-1987: Licensed to sell $25,000 worth of electronic testing and computer graphics equipment to the Iraqi Atomic Energy Commission (responsible for nuclear weapon research and production).
Unknown: Manufactured three computers for operating machine tools, found by U.N. inspectors at Al Rabiya (a declared manufacturing site for the uranium enrichment program).
26. Hipotronics
1989 Sold nine power supply units worth $287,000 (four 45-kv, 5-amp and five 21-kv, 1.1-amp), with reverse polarity at Iraqi request; the more powerful units were capable of powering electron beam welders and calutrons, both of which were key to Iraq's program for producing nuclear weapon material.
27.1. Honeywell Inc. - Military
1988: Licensed to sell over $353,000 worth of computers to monitor "heating, ventilation and air conditioning" to the Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization (MIMI) (generally responsible for Iraq's nuclear, missile and chemical weapon programs; and for Al Atheer, Iraq's nuclear weapon design and research center).
1984: Prepared a feasibility study and design data for a fuel-air explosive warhead for ballistic missiles, described as "more effective...against personnel...[and] in minefield clearance" than standard high explosives.
27.2. Honeywell Inc. - Missile
1988 Licensed to sell, for $0, compasses, gyroscopes and accelerometers (all on the U.S. Department of Commerce list of components especially useful for building ballistic missiles) for use with computer cards to Iraqi Airways (listed by the U.S. Department of Justice as a front company for military procurement).
28. International Computer Systems - US
1989 to 1990: Licensed to sell $530,000 worth of computers to the University of Baghdad College for training students in architectural, civil and mechanical engineering.
1989: Licensed to sell $1.5 million worth of computers to the Military and Engineering Technical College in Baghdad for training students in "computer sciences, programming and graphics".
1987 to 1989: Licensed to sell over $1,540,000 worth of computers and spare parts for "administration" to various Iraqi buyers including the Ministry of Oil, the Northern Petroleum Organization, the Iraqi Cement State Enterprise, an unspecified buyer, and others.
1988: Licensed to sell over $2,000,000 worth of computers to the University of Technology for "training of students in programming and applications development".
29. International Computers Limited - US
1986 Licensed to sell $64,000 worth of computers to the Directorate of Mobilization for personnel and administration.
30. International Imaging Systems
1990: Licensed to sell $693,000 worth of sophisticated infrared electronic image enhancement equipment for remote sensing, capable of being used for aerial reconnaissance and missile tracking to the University of Mosul (procurement agent for and site of Saad 16, Iraq's major missile research and development center, performing work on the Condor II and SCUD enhancement programs, as well as chemical and nuclear weapons research); vendor states that the sale was never made.
1987: Sold over $295,000 worth of sophisticated electronic image enhancement equipment, capable of being used for aerial reconnaissance and missile tracking to the Iraqi Space and Astronomy Research Center.
1981: Sold at least $28,000 worth of sophisticated electronic imaging equipment that can enhance satellite photographs so they can be used for reconnaissance or missile targeting to the Iraqi Directorate General for Geological Survey and Mineral Investigation.
31. International Signal and Control (via Carlos Cardoen) (AKA International Signal and Control Corp. (ISC))
1984 to 1989 Supplied, via Carlos Cardoen, cluster bomb technology and blueprints to build a cluster bomb factory in Iraq; built a factory in Iraq capable of manufacturing electronic fuzes for FAE and cluster bombs; under indictment by the U.S. Department of Justice for conspiracy to illegally export over $30 million worth of missile parts, gyroscopes (on the U.S. Department of Commerce list of components especially useful for building ballistic missiles), laser technology, munitions and other military equipment to South African via its state-owned company Armscor, some of which was diverted to Iraq and used in the Gulf War; also used in the Hakim medium-range missile and the uncompleted Condor 2 nuclear-capable missile; in at least one case, a detonator battery found on an Iraqi artillery shell was traced to ISC; ISC was purchased for $700 million by U.K. defense firm Ferranti International PLC in 1987; in June 1992, former director James Guerin was sentenced to 15 years in U.S. federal court for defrauding Ferranti of $1.1 billion, laundering over $950 million and illegally exporting military technologies to South Africa and Iraq; part of a 48-company network of front organizations with at least 61 bank accounts.
32. Kennametal Inc.
1989 to 1990: Sold up to $900,000 worth of metalworking products to Iraq including $81,917 of metal-working tools to Al Kadisya State Establishment and unspecified sales to the State Machinery Trade Company; arranged shipment through its German subsidiary; financed by the Atlanta branch of Banca Nazionale de Lavoro, later used in a letter of credit to indict BNL.
1987 to 1989: Investigated by Congress and by the Departments of Justice and Commerce, and by U.S. Customs, for sales to Iraq of machine tools
33. Leybold Vacuum Systems (LVS) - US
U.S. subsidiary of German company.
1989: LVS installed a new rotary chuck in 1989, double the size of the original.
1988: Sold an electron beam welder with application specific mandrel, expanding mandrel and rollers, and numerical controller valued at $880,000 used to assemble centrifuges for enriching uranium to nuclear weapon grade to the Nassr State Enterprise for Mechanical Industries (procured equipment for the SCUD enhancement program and for Taji [a chemical weapon and industrial arms complex which also produced components for uranium enrichment]; ran artillery plants, and linked to the Condor II intermediate-range missile project); welder was shipped via German parent company Leybold and installed in 1988 by LVS at Taji; sold a five-axis CNC machine valued at $530,000 to operate the LVS welder described above, for "military repair applications such as jet engines and rocket cases," also to the Nassr State Enterprise for Mechanical Industries; shipped via German parent company Leybold and installed by LVS with LVS welder in 1988 at Taji.
34. Lincoln Electric Co.
Supplied welding machines, via Matrix Churchill, used to build Iraqi missile factories, according to documents seized in Iraq.
35. Litton Industries
1984 to 1989 Helped bankroll German firm Gildemeister Projecta AG and its subsidiary Gipro, the main contractor for Saad 16 (Iraq's major missile research and development center, performing work on the Condor II and SCUD enhancement programs, as well as chemical and nuclear weapons research), by maintaining a 14.3% share in Gildemeister--the largest foreign holding--during the life of the contract; Litton's profits were four times its original investment.
36. Lummus Crest
1985 to 1989 Licensed to sell over $250,000 worth of radio spectrum analyzers, and also computers for inventory, quality control, lab analysis and engineering calculations, for Iraq's multi-billion-dollar petrochemical complex at Basrah intended to make the mustard gas precursor thiodiglycol, to the Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization (MIMI) (generally responsible for Iraq's nuclear, missile and chemical weapon programs; and for Al Atheer, Iraq's nuclear weapon design and research center).
37. Maho AG - US and Germany
Manufactured three milling machines found by U.N. inspectors to have been used or capable of use in the Iraqi nuclear weapon program
38.1. Matrix Churchill Corp. and Glass Inc. International
1988 to 1990 Constructed in Iraq a glass fiber production plant possibly intended to make missile rocket motor casings; built at Nassr State Establishment in Taji; plant was reportedly also known as Project 3128.
38.2. Matrix Churchill Corp. and XYZ Options
1988 Constructed at Al Atheer (Iraq's nuclear weapon design and research center) a $14 million plant for the production of high-precision tungsten carbide tools, financed by BNL and arranged via U.K. firm Matrix Churchill; completed by spring 1990; destroyed by U.N. inspectors.
39. MBB Helicopter Corp.
1989 Licensed to sell over $957,000 worth of compasses, gyroscopes and accelerometers (all on the U.S. Department of Commerce list of components especially useful for building ballistic missiles) for MBB helicopters in "an executive transport configuration" to the Iraqi Air Force
40. Memphis International Inc.
1987 to 1988 Licensed to sell over $4,478,000 worth of compasses, gyroscopes and accelerometers (all on the U.S. Department of Commerce list of components especially useful for building ballistic missiles) to Iraqi Airways (listed by the U.S. Department of Justice as a front company for military procurement).
41. Nu Kraft Mercantile Corp. and Industrial Procurement Corp.
1988 Illegally reexported over 300 tons of thiodiglycol (supplied by U.S. firm Alcolac International) from Antwerp, Belgium via Jordan to Iraq
42.1. Perkin Elmer Corp. - Missile
1989 Licensed to sell over $24,000 worth of computers to the Scientific Research Council (a subdivision of SOTI).
42.2. Perkin Elmer Corp. - Nuclear
1986 to 1989: Licensed to sell over $82,000 worth of electronic and photographic equipment for chemical research in carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, beryllium, boron, tellurium, antimony and arsenic to the Iraqi Atomic Energy Commission (responsible for nuclear weapon research and production); licensed to sell over $198,000 worth of computers for use with a chromatograph in "detecting amines and ethyl-aniline" to Al Qaqaa State Establishment (furnished bomb parts for Iraq's nuclear weapon testing program).
Unknown: Manufactured a plasma spray system found by U.N. inspectors to have been used or capable of use in the Iraqi nuclear weapon program; destroyed by U.N. inspectors.
43. Presray Corp.
Sold rubber door seals, usable in nuclear or chemical facilities to prevent the spread of contaminants, to the State Electrical Industries
44. Redlake Corp.
1990 Licensed to sell over $10,000 worth of photographic equipment including optical heads for cameras and timing lights, for "scientific research on projectile behavior and terminal ballistics," to A. M. Daoud.
45.1. Rockwell International Collins
1986 to 1987: Licensed to sell $42,000 worth of navigational and directional finding radar for airborne communication to the Iraqi Air Force Aviation Supply.
1986: Licensed to sell $155,000 worth of navigational and directional finding radar for airborne communication, and electronic assemblies and integrated circuits to the Iraqi Army Aviation
45.2. Rockwell International Collins Defense and Rockwell International Corp.
1985 to 1986 Licensed to sell over $128,000 worth of navigational and directional finding radar for airborne communication to the Ministry of Defense (in charge of the State Organization for Technical Industries--SOTI--and Saad 16, a division of SOTI).
45.3. Rockwell International Corp.
1986: Licensed to sell $7,500 worth of navigational and directional finding radar for airborne communication to Iraqi Army Aviation Ministry.
1985 to 1986: Licensed to sell $86,000 worth of navigational and directional finding radar for airborne communication to Iraqi Airways (listed by the U.S. Department of Justice as a front company for military procurement).
1985: Licensed to sell $114,000 worth of navigational and directional finding radar for airborne communication to the Iraqi Air Force
46. Sackman Associates
1989 Licensed to sell over $93,000 worth of electronic assemblies, integrated circuits, and computers, for use with equipment to analyze the performance of coatings, capable of use in producing rocket and missile nose cones, to the Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization (MIMI) (generally responsible for Iraq's nuclear, missile and chemical weapon programs; and for Al Atheer, Iraq's nuclear weapon design and research center).
47. Scientific Atlanta
1987 Sold $820,000 worth of antenna testers via German firm MBB to Saad 16 (Iraq's major missile research and development center, performing work on the Condor II and SCUD enhancement programs, as well as chemical and nuclear weapons research).
48. Semetex
1989 Licensed to sell over $5,155,000 worth of computing equipment for manufacturing discrete transistors, silicon diodes and photovoltaic devices to the Al Mansour factory (responsible for supplying the Iraqi rocket launch site at Karbala, the SCUD enhancement sites Al Hillah and Al Falluja, and the space launch center at Al-Anbar).
49. Siemens Corp.
1989 Licensed to sell $79,000 worth of computers for testing and control of two X-ray diffraction systems made by German firm Siemens, capable of high temperature analysis of mineral powders, and stress and texture analysis of minerals to the Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization (MIMI) (generally responsible for Iraq's nuclear, missile and chemical weapon programs; and for Al Atheer, Iraq's nuclear weapon design and research center).
50. SIP Corporation
Manufactured three jig bores found by U.N. inspectors to have been used or capable of use in the Iraqi nuclear weapon program.
51. Spectra Physics
1987 Licensed to sell $19,000 worth of lasers, laser systems, and "communication/detection/tracking equipment" for study of laser physics and applications, to Salah al Din (a military electronics factory, built by French firm Thomson-CSF, which produced three-dimensional early warning radars, electronic countermeasures and inertial guidance components, and also produced equipment for making nuclear weapon fuel).
52. Spectral Data Corp.
1985 Licensed to sell $27,000 worth of image processing, display systems and multispectral-digital equipment for "processing and interpretation of landsat data" to the University of Mosul (procurement agent for and site of Saad 16, Iraq's major missile research and development center, performing work on the Condor II and SCUD enhancement programs, as well as chemical and nuclear weapons research).
53.1. Sperry Corp.
1986 Licensed to sell $32,000 worth of computers to Saad 21 (a military end-user); no end use statement submitted.
53.2. Sperry Corp. Aerospace
1986 Licensed to sell $68,000 worth of compasses, gyroscopes and accelerometers (all on the U.S. Department of Commerce list of components especially useful for building ballistic missiles) to the ADG of Military Accounts Baghdad.
53.3. Sperry Corp. and Sperry Univac Division
1985 Licensed to sell $8,715,000 worth of computers for a "personnel database" capable of surveillance of the Iraqi population to the Ministry of the Interior (in charge of the Iraqi secret police).
53.4. Sperry Univac Division
1986 Licensed to sell $6.2 million worth of computers "to manipulate databased records" to the National Computer Center.
54. Swissco Properties Inc.
1982 to 1989 Indicted by U.S. Department of Justice for conspiracy and violation of Arms Export Control Act and Export Administration Act, including illegal export of zirconium used in 24,000 cluster bombs that were sold to Iraq.
55.1. Tektronix - Military
1985 to 1990: Licensed to sell over $140,000 worth of oscilloscopes, electronic testing equipment, computers and computer peripherals to various buyers including the Military Technical College, the University of Baghdad, the Iraqi National Oil Co., the National Center for Engineering, and others.
1985: Sold over $12,000 worth of oscilloscopes used to maintain large computers to the Iraqi Air Force.
55.2. Tektronix - Missile, possibly nuclear
1985 to 1989: Sold at least $50,000, and licensed to sell $60,000 worth of electronic measuring equipment to SOTI (a subdivision of the Ministry of Defense, procurement arm for Saad 16 and other sites for rocket production, SCUD missile enhancement and space rocket development) and Saad 16 (Iraq's primary missile research and development site, which also performed nuclear weapon research) via German firm Gildemeister, and also sold a digital oscilloscope which, according to a company official, "does have nuclear applications," to Germany for transfer via MBB to Saad 16.
1985 to 1988: Licensed to sell $80,000 worth of radio spectrum analyzers capable of developing microwave equipment up to 325 GHz, a highly sensitive frequency, and oscilloscopes for radioastronomy to the Scientific Research Council (a subdivision of SOTI).
56. Teledyne Wah Chang
1986 Raided in March 1992 by U.S. federal agents investigating illegal zirconium sales to Iraq through Chilean arms-dealer Carlos Cardoen.
57. Thermo Jarrell Ash Corp.
1989 Sold over $350,000 worth of spectrometers to measure particles in "geological and clinical samples of liquids and solids" to the Scientific Research Council (a subdivision of SOTI).
58. TI Coating Inc.
1988 Licensed to sell over $373,000 worth of chemical vapor deposition blueprints, training and manuals for accompanying TI Coating equipment, useful in applying specialized protective coatings to molds, to Badr Establishment of Mechanical Engineering (responsible for producing aerial bombs, and for producing centrifuges for making nuclear weapon fuel).
59. U.S. Centers for Disease Control
1985 Sent to : University of Baghdad, College of Medicine , Department of Microbiology
3 yeast cultures Candida sp.
Lyophilized arbovirus seed
West Nile Fever Virus
Yersinia pestis
Y. pseudotuberculosis
Bhania Virus
Dengue Virus
Hazara Virus
Kamerovo Virus
Langat Virus
Sandfly Fever/Naples Virus
Sandfly Fever/Sicilian Virus
Sindbis Virus
Tahyna Virus
Thoyoto Virus
Diagnostic Reagents and associate materiasl
Sent to : Minister of Health, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
antigen and antisera (r. rickettsii and r. typhi)
1986 Sent to : Officers City Al-Muthanna, Quartret 710, Street 13, Close 69 House 28/I, Baghdad, Iraq
botulinum toxoid
botulinum toxoid #A2
1989 Sent to : University of Basrah, College of Science, Department of Biology
Enterococcus faecalis
Enterococcus faecium
Enterococcus avium
Enterococcus raffinosus
Enterococcus gallinarium
Enterococcus durans
Enterococcus hirae
Streptococcus bovis
60. U.S. Department of Commerce
1985 to 1990 Tampered with official records of U.S. licenses for export to Iraq, to disguise the shipment of militarily useful equipment and technology, including five alterations for the proposed shipment of over $1 billion in trucks originally described as "designed for military use," deletion of information characterizing an end-user as "involved in military matters," and 63 additional alterations.
61. U.S. Department of State
1988 Provided individual clearance for three Iraqi scientists from Al Qaqaa State Establishment (furnished bomb parts for Iraq's nuclear weapon testing program) to attend a quadrennial international detonation conference in Portland, Oregon.
62. U.S. Department of Defense
August to September 1989 Presented nuclear weapon detonation technology and flyer plate technology, used to control the force and shape of implosive shock waves, at a quadrennial international detonation conference in Portland, Oregon, attended by three Iraqi scientists who received individual clearances from the Department of State; scientists were from Al Qaqaa State Establishment (furnished bomb parts for Iraq's nuclear weapon testing program).
63. U.S. Department of Energy nuclear weapon lab Lawrence Livermore
August to September 1989 Presented nuclear weapon detonation technology and flyer plate technology, used to control the force and shape of implosive shock waves, at a quadrennial international detonation conference in Portland, Oregon, attended by three Iraqi scientists who received individual clearances from the Department of State; scientists were from Al Qaqaa State Establishment (furnished bomb parts for Iraq's nuclear weapon testing program).
64. U.S. Department of Energy nuclear weapon lab Los Alamos
August to September 1989 Presented nuclear weapon detonation technology and flyer plate technology, used to control the force and shape of implosive shock waves, at a quadrennial international detonation conference in Portland, Oregon, attended by three Iraqi scientists who received individual clearances from the Department of State; scientists were from Al Qaqaa State Establishment (furnished bomb parts for Iraq's nuclear weapon testing program).
65. U.S. Department of Energy nuclear weapon lab Sandia
August to September 1989 Presented nuclear weapon detonation technology and flyer plate technology, used to control the force and shape of implosive shock waves, at a quadrennial international detonation conference in Portland, Oregon, attended by three Iraqi scientists who received individual clearances from the Department of State; scientists were from Al Qaqaa State Establishment (furnished bomb parts for Iraq's nuclear weapon testing program).
66. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture
1983 to 1990 Extended billions of dollars worth of loan guarantees through the Commodity Credit Corporation's General Sales Manager credits, some of which Iraq used to obtain equipment and material for its chemical weapon and ballistic missile programs.
67.1. Unisys Corp. Bitco - Military
1989: Licensed to sell $140,000 worth of computers to the Iraqi Navy.
1988: Licensed to sell $2.2 million worth of computers to the Al Faraby facility of the Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization (MIMI) (generally responsible for Iraq's nuclear, missile and chemical weapon programs; and for Al Atheer, Iraq's nuclear weapon design and research center); licensed to sell $323,000 worth of computers to the National Computer Center.
1987 to 1988: Licensed to sell over $430,000 worth of computers to the Saddam State Establishment (a military procurement agency).
67.2. Unisys Corp. Bitco - Possibly Missile
1988 Licensed to sell $8,000 worth of computers to Saad State Establishment (a subdivision of SOTI and umbrella for all Saad projects including Iraq's missile research and development programs).
67.3. Unisys Corp. Bitco - Program Unknown
1988 Sold over $8,717,000 worth of computers for a "personnel data base" for use "at airports and border crossing stations" capable of surveillance of the Iraqi population to the Ministry of the Interior (in charge of the Iraqi secret police); licensed to sell over $2,422,000 worth of computers to the Ministry of Planning
67.4. Unisys Corp. Bitco and Unisys Corp.
1988 to 1989 Sold at least $500,000, and licensed to sell $600,000 worth of computers ostensibly for use in payroll and accounting to the Ministry of Defense (in charge of the State Organization for Technical Industries--SOTI--and Saad 16, a division of SOTI).
68. US - Unknown Military Suppliers
Early 1980s Produced fuses for 100,000 Greek artillery shells which were transshipped in 1986 to Iraq during the Iran-Iraq war, despite an official ban on the transfer of American-made military equipment to Iraq.
69. Veeco Instruments Inc.
1986 Licensed to sell $4,600 worth of computers for use by German firm Interatom GmbH in "manufacturing of nuclear power stations" and "planning and construction of photovoltaic plants" to SOTI (a subdivision of the Ministry of Defense, procurement arm for Saad 16 and other sites for rocket production, SCUD missile enhancement and space rocket development).
70. Wild Magnavox Satellite Survey
1988 Licensed to sell over $270,000 worth of navigational, directional-finding, radar and airborne communication equipment to the Ministry of Defense (in charge of the State Organization for Technical Industries--SOTI--and Saad 16, a division of SOTI).
71. Wiltron
1987 Shipped scalar network analyzers, that use a radio frequency of up to 40 GHz, a highly sensitive frequency, capable of testing and developing microwave circuits for missile guidance radars, to Germany for transshipment via MBB to Saad 16 (Iraq's major missile research and development center, performing work on the Condor II and SCUD enhancement programs, as well as chemical and nuclear weapons research); licensed to sell $50,000 worth of electronic measuring, testing and calibrating equipment.
72. XYZ Options, Inc.
1989 Sold a powder press "suitable for the compaction of nuclear fuels," according to the U.S. Customs Service; constructed at Al Atheer (Iraq's nuclear weapon design and research center) a $14 million plant for the production of high-precision tungsten carbide tools, financed by BNL and arranged via U.K. firm Matrix Churchill; plant completed by spring 1990; destroyed by U.N. inspectors; owner of CarbiTech of Topeka, KS, which trained dozens of Iraqis on how to manufacture carbide-tipped inserts for machine tools.
73. Zeta Laboratories Inc.
1988 Licensed to sell $2,210,000 worth of quartz crystals and electronic assemblies for use in radar systems to Salah Al Din (a military electronics factory, built by French firm Thomson-CSF, which produced three-dimensional early warning radars, electronic countermeasures and inertial guidance components, and also produced equipment for making nuclear weapon fuel) and to the Iraqi Trading Company.
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