Alfred Russel Wallace's moral principles and liberal and socialist beliefs played an important role in leading him to view mandatory vaccination as an unbearable imposition on personal freedom and privacy.

Meanwhile, his vision of harmonia naturae (the world viewed as the tangible manifestation of an unbroken and harmonious system) induced him to hypothesize a certain compatibility and co-existence between man and microbe.

On the one hand, and in accordance with the law of survival of the fittest, germs/viruses have a role in eliminating the weakest organisms (a notion similar to ideas held at that time on the nature of human warfare). But in human society, Wallace maintained, solidarity and civil progress are more important. Healthy living conditions can be achieved by proper hygiene and a good diet.

A man who is physically and mentally healthy is potentially unassailable by diseases. The use of chemicals in medicine could thus disrupt the delicate natural balance, and have a negative rather than beneficial effect.

Today it is easy to smile at those who in the decades around 1900 fought to abolish vaccination. But there was more to this reform-minded civil protest than mere superstition, factiousness or obscurantism. Claiming that vaccination was responsible for killing lives rather than saving them was certainly hyperbole; nevertheless, it is sometimes true that medical innovations can, if applied with excessive vigor, prove harmful.

Here, it should not be forgotten that the process of inactivation of the vaccinal lymph was yet to be invented. Later on, smallpox was eradicated--by using the same tool (i.e. vaccination), but through vaccine doses that were much reduced and purified compared to those used during Wallace's time, which are today known to cause serious side effects.

The term consciencious objector was first coined for people who refused the compulsory smallpox vaccination programme during this period.

In 1994, smallpox virus remained only in laboratory deepfreezers in Moscow and Atlanta, USA, awaiting a politico-scientific decision for final extinction. It's genetic sequence information is stored in computer memory banks and it has been retained for bio-terror and would be used to impose quarantine, detention and martial law if released into the population.

Mandatory vaccination could be used as a tool to implant injectable microchip transponders in unsuspecting victims.

Alfred Russel Wallace's moral principles and liberal and socialist beliefs played an important role in leading him to view mandatory vaccination as an unbearable imposition on personal freedom and privacy. Meanwhile, his vision of harmonia naturae (the world viewed as the tangible manifestation of an unbroken and harmonious system) induced him to hypothesize a certain compatibility and co-existence between man and microbe.

On the one hand, and in accordance with the law of survival of the fittest, germs/viruses have a role in eliminating the weakest organisms (a notion similar to ideas held at that time on the nature of human warfare). But in human society, Wallace maintained, solidarity and civil progress are more important. Healthy living conditions can be achieved by proper hygiene and a good diet. A man who is physically and mentally healthy is potentially unassailable by diseases. The use of chemicals in medicine could thus disrupt the delicate natural balance, and have a negative rather than beneficial effect.

Today it is easy to smile at those who in the decades around 1900 fought to abolish vaccination. But there was more to this reform-minded civil protest than mere superstition, factiousness or obscurantism. Claiming that vaccination was responsible for killing lives rather than saving them was certainly hyperbole; nevertheless, it is sometimes true that medical innovations can, if applied with excessive vigor, prove harmful. Here, it should not be forgotten that the process of inactivation of the vaccinal lymph was yet to be invented. Later on, smallpox was eradicated--by using the same tool (i.e. vaccination), but through vaccine doses that were much reduced and purified compared to those used during Wallace's time, which are today known to cause serious side effects.

The term consciencious objector was first coined for people who refused the compulsory smallpox vaccination programme during this period.

In 1994, smallpox virus remained only in laboratory deepfreezers in Moscow and Atlanta, USA, awaiting a politico-scientific decision for final extinction. It's genetic sequence information is stored in computer memory banks for bio-terror, epidemics, quarantine, detention and the imposition of martial law.

Mandatory vaccination could be used to implant injectable microchip transponders in unsuspecting victims.